The Renaissance Art Essays - Renaissance Painters, Free Essays

The Renaissance Art Essays - Renaissance Painters, Free Essays The Renaissance Art Ms. McSharry Humanities 26 September 2014 The Renaissance Art During the Renaissance, the manner in which individuals saw the world was not quite the same as the way individuals in these days do. Renaissance was the hour of transformation. The estimation of cash began to increment, and numerous savants, craftsmen, and researchers concocted new thoughts regarding religion what's more, mankind. Not just the Renaissance was a period of social development and advancement, yet likewise it was a period of political unrest, strict clash and confusion. Individuals turned out to be more materialistic and individualistic. They regularly showed their thoughts and the methods of their lives through way of thinking, writing, and particularly workmanship. Numerous specialists, including the most well known craftsmen for example, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, put their goals and messages in their works, and numerous works of Renaissance workmanship had comparable styles of drawing and were as a rule delineated in strict pictures. The humanities, the significances, and the lives during the time were completely appeared in the Renaissance craftsmanship. In European culture during the Renaissance, free enterprise and cash got well known and noteworthy. Despite the fact that the individuals despite everything commended for God, at that point, they adulated more for cash. Their definitive objective was increasing more cash. Their caring cash was likewise delineated in Renaissance workmanship. Quentin Matsys The Money Lender and His Wife portrays how significant the cash was. In the drawing, a man who is tallying his cash and his significant other who is understanding her Book of scriptures are sitting together. In any case, the wifes center is just around the cash, not on her Bible. She is occupied from perusing her Bible since all her aim and intrigue are focused on the cash her better half has. The man and his better half are both entranced and are completely centered around their cash. The part of their activity shows that the cash turned out to be more intriguing than religion. Be that as it may, religion was as yet indispensable to the Renaissance time frame, and numerous works of art were portrayed in strict pictures. The greater part of the craftsmen utilized comparable styles and regular points in their strict drawings. They typically drew Jesus at the middle, Mary close to Jesus, and the twelve followers next to him. In those strict drawings, Jesus and Mary were constantly wearing red and blue garments on the grounds that the hues were just utilized for significant figures. Leonardo da Vincis The Last Supper is an average strict picture made in the early Renaissance. In his work of art, Jesus is sitting at the focal point of the table. He is additionally sporting blue and red garments, and close to him, Mary is additionally sporting blue and red garments. The twelve devotees partitioned into two gatherings of six are sitting on every one of Jesus left and right sides. In this image, there are likewise three windows behind Jesus which brings up the Trinity. His drawing additionally has a story in itself. This is the snapshot of the twelve followers concentrating on Jesus, and Jesus saying something: One of you will deceive me (John 13:21). It is effortlessly recognized that just one person among the twelve pupils is putting his elbow down on the table, implying that he will sell out Jesus. Like da Vincis painting does, each strict work of art has its own message or story and the basic artwork style of Renaissance craftsmanship. Numerous different specialists likewise utilized comparable strategies and aptitudes that da Vinci utilized. In Michelangelos The Last Judgment, the God and Mary sporting red and blue garments are at the focal point of the work of art. This canvases story is about paradise and hellfire. Individuals sent to the damnation in the base piece of the canvas all look bothered and furious. Indeed, even the hues and states of mind utilized in the upper and base part are outstandingly unique. In the upper part, individuals are wearing garments, and the mind-set is more splendid, however in base part, individuals are not dressed, and the temperament is moreover desolate. This artistic creation isn't just delineating the strict angle, yet in addition portraying the part of life and mankind. The significance of reasoning was likewise regularly appeared in the Renaissance craftsmanship. Raphael who was a functioning defender of reasoning showed his philosophical perfect in his artwork School of Athens. In his work of art, Plato and Aristotle, the most well known logician and researcher, are

The A-Team Essay Example

The A-Team Essay The study of sorting conduct style began with the antiquated Greek doctor Hippocrates in 400 BC who perceived that we could be depicted as fitting into one of four demeanor styles. This century, conduct hypothesis has been utilized to create self-appraisal tests that mean to give an understanding into our social tendencies.Over the previous twenty years associations have embraced these self-evaluation instruments into their HR device kit(De Dreu et al. 2001). In the course of the most recent two decades I have dominatingly worked in a group situated condition inside the development business. I have had jobs that necessary me to both lead and follow the lead of others. As far as I can tell I have seen instances of groups functioning admirably together and groups not functioning admirably together. I feel just as great group elements at work are unmistakable and instinctive past any hypothetical explanation.This is the first occasion when I have ever considered the conduct parts of gro up elements and how my character factors in. Character attachment is fundamental to the adequacy and effectiveness of a group. The reason for this report is to all the more likely get myself as well as other people in a work group setting, by investigating self-appraisal instruments and considering the important writing I plan to find progressively about my potential as a pioneer. 2. Self-Assessment utilizing Self-Assessment Exercise The self-appraisal instruments I chose were: 1. Circle Personal Profile SystemThe Disk conduct model depends on inquire about by William Moulton Marston, in his book Emotions of Normal People. The word Disk is an abbreviation of the four essential components of conduct as portrayed by Marsden: * Dominance * Influence * Steadiness * Conscientiousness THE Disk appraisal apparatus is as of now utilized in my work environment to help the executives in creating powerful work groups and furthermore to assist people with improving their relationship and relati onal abilities. I picked the Disk test since I am keen on building up my own self-awareness.It is essential to take note of that I was asked to answer the inquiry (Assessment contribution) inside the setting of my present job and to consider the outcomes as far as that job. I saw the consequences of this test as instructive. There were three unique stages to the aftereffects of the test. The primary outcome distinguished that my own quality was in Steadiness, I was given portrayals dependent on how the conduct measurement of Steadiness is described. The second stage to the Disk test was the dimensional power list, demonstrating numerically the scale to which I was granted inside the setting of every one of the social dimension.Thirdly, the last phase of the test was identified with an exemplary profile design, coordinating my outcomes from the four diverse conduct measurement force lists and putting me into one of eighteen distinctive great profile designs. I think the exemplary pro file design credited to me (professional) is exact for my present job as I am at present utilized as a specialized official. For instance, I esteem capability in a particular region; I’m persuaded by being acceptable at something; I have ridiculous desires for others at times.It came as an unexpected that the test showed my objectives were self-awareness and that I dread not being perceived as a specialist. 2. Dutch Test for Conflict Handling I picked this test since I accept the manner in which we handle strife in the work environment significantly affects how successful we are in our job inside the association. I was keen on getting some answers concerning how I handle struggle in the work environment so I could hope to improving or better dealing with my shortcomings and influence of my strengths.The Dutch Test for Conflict Handling is a self-gauge test which permits you to assess the degree to which you like to utilize every one of the five clash taking care of styles: * yielding * bargaining * compelling * critical thinking * maintaining a strategic distance from The assessment scale for this test was created from explore done via CARSTEN K. W. DE DREU et al (De Dreu et al. 2001). The configuration for the evaluation is involved twenty inquiries posing to how one handles various parts of contention. The outcomes are as a scale for every one of the five clash dealing with styles.The scale appraises the degree to which you lean toward every one of the styles and thinks about you to a scope of scores from an example. The aftereffects of my test gave me that my most favored clash dealing with style is Problem Solving, as a large portion of the contentions in my present job are specialized in nature I can perceive how inclining toward this methodology would be the most helpful. I additionally scored high in the yielding style which likewise fits the kind of work I do, frequently subsequent to investigating the issues I can check whether in this occasion , another’s oint of view is an increasingly fitting specialized arrangement and I will concur with them. In spite of the fact that these two methodologies function admirably for specialized issues I face in my present job, as I progress in my profession, to higher administration I notice the idea of contention getting progressively unpredictable. I should consider how I may create aptitudes that upgrade my capacity in the territories of trading off as opposed to yielding. 3. Review of important writing According to the Wall Street Journal, the utilization of self-evaluation tests are getting increasingly predominant in today’s business world.Self-appraisal tests measure impalpable conduct and passionate measurements as administration instruments. Lopez says that enthusiastic knowledge empowers pioneers to control their feelings in order to adapt viably to pressure and acclimate to hierarchical changes (N Lopes et al. 2006). The acknowledgment for the future advantages of applying this hypothesis of self-appraisal is clear through the work of these tests in business colleges, presently estimating and looking into Emotional Intelligence Quotient as a major aspect of the application procedure for new enrolments, trying to distinguish future stars (Korn 2013).Cangas sets up that individuals from associations who take an interest during the time spent self-evaluation are probably going to build up a more profound comprehension of the basic standards of ceaseless improvement and an expanded inspiration to take an interest in resulting improvement exercises (Cangas 1996). Constant improvement is characterized as a continuous exertion to improve items, administrations, or procedures. McKenna et al includes that there is an observation that huge advantages are accomplished in associations where supervisors comprehend the passionate insight of their employees.They compose that the advantages are better recruiting; vocation arranging; work position; just as upgraded coordinated effort and cooperation; better correspondence; increasingly compelling compromise; expanded occupation fulfillment and assurance; improved gathering adequacy; and in general improvement in group and hierarchical execution. They do, in any case, proceed to clarify that almost no experimental research has been directed to help the connection between understanding passionate insight and the laid out advantages. McKenna, Shelton, and Darling 2002). Other research shows that there is a significant connection between viable group initiative and mindfulness. Sosik et al proposes that mindfulness underpins a leader’s interpretation of direction and importance, transforming hindrances into empowering difficulties for businesses (Sosik and Megerian 1999). Following this Mayer et al guarantees mindfulness may assist pioneers with bettering â€Å"hear† the enthusiastic ramifications of their own contemplations and the sentiments on others (Mayer and Geher 199 6).In the article a meta-systematic audit of the connection between passionate knowledge and leaders’ useful peace promotion by Schlaerth et al. It is recommended that, the capacity to precisely see and deal with our own feelings empowers one to build up the abilities required for understanding the points of view of others. With regards to hierarchical conduct, it is hypothetically connected to decidedly affecting on the remainder of the group. (Schlaerth, Ensari, and Christian 2013).Technical information is very frequently the integral factor while evaluating the measures of colleagues in the determination procedure. Recruiting choices are normally founded on candidates’ work encounters, aptitudes, and information, end choices are all the more frequently an aftereffect of individuals’ practices (Wagner 2000). As per McKenna et al It is generally accepted that groups whose individuals have different social styles †for instance contemplative people and outgo ing individuals, masterminds and sensors, individuals who are exceptionally decisive and the individuals who are less emphatic †will be more successful than groups whose individuals need such decent variety of styles.It is additionally usually accepted that work bunches whose people know about and regard one another’s assorted conduct styles will in general experience improved correspondence and higher assurance, and that people whose workplaces most intently line up with their social styles will in general be progressively fulfilled. Anyway they proceed to state that little research has been done that exhibits factually huge contrasts between associations that us self-evaluation instruments contrasted and those that don't (McKenna, Shelton, and Darling 2002).Following this we could ask, is the self-appraisal test the most suitable approach to accomplish this mindfulness? As indicated by Dunning et al one of the issues with utilizing information gave from self-evaluation apparatuses is, as a rule, people groups self-sees hold just a shaky to unassuming relationship with their real conduct and execution. The connection between's self-appraisals of aptitude and real execution in numerous areas is moderate to pitiful to be sure, on occasion, different people groups expectations of a people results demonstrate more precise than that people self - predictions.They proceed to state that people groups general assessments of their abilities and character, for example, regardless of whether they are acceptable pioneers or verbally gifted tend not to be fastened v

Guest Blog Math. by Joy 13

Guest Blog Math. by Joy ‘13 I’m not a complete nerd…but I am convinced that math is a language. And it’s the only language that all of us in the world understand. it’s key elements are one of my favorite thingsâ€"numbers. Having that knowledge…we are almost like the people of Babylon. We are able to communicate successfully through this world using what we all know. Even though we have different “names” in our respective languages for our numbers…all around the world, we understand what it means, when that certain set of 10 digits is written out: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. And from this we can form different combinations using these digits to express a manner of things. For one, all this course 6 stuff is making me realize just how important binary relations are. It’s the way that our computers can interpret what we are trying to convey. In a sense, making it possible for us to make any word compressed down to numbers. Not only that, but numbers are very important to our form of communication. The web addresses we need to connect to is a composition of numbers. In general, when we need to get in contact with someone on the phone…we have a phone number. While we tend to not memorize those phone numbers as often anymore, there are still a few of the important ones engrained in our memory. And those ones in our memory are themselves based off the theory that we tend to chunk these by the amount of digits we can commit to our long term memory. Therfore, in writing out these numbers, we do it by (XXX)-(aaa)-(bbbb), a set of x’s determining the location of where we are in the world, the area connecting to a number which is also placed on a map by the degrees of longitude and latitude in this world. Those regional places are based off mathematical relations of a sphere, and our relation to one another from the center of this sphere. The “a”‘s then determine our region, or city area, the way the country of county we reside in is divided in. And finally, we have the last four digits which is unique to our specific person. It’s crazy the way we can connect with numbers. Even on a given street, we are unique in our “assigned number.” Not only this, but we are forced to use numbers every day and every moment. We need numbers for the time. We need it for money. We even need it to count how many pieces of paper we have, How many shoes we have, how many pens we have, how many siblings we have…whatever it is. We need numbers. For music. The number of beats in a song is regulated by the number of beats per minute. The notes played out work on the circle of 5ths. Again, based off math. No wonder they say there’s a strong correlation to being able to read music and doing well in math. On the music part, one of the coolest things I heard was here: Absolutely beautifully. And this was all done…based off of numbers. I think that’s one of the greatest things about being at MIT. We learn a lot about how to use these numbers. We know the buildings by their number. We know every course by it’s number. And within those courses, we know the classes by their decimal, allowing us to be able to distinguish an intro class from a higher-level, fast paced course. Not only that…but we all have our ID number’s . 9 numbers unique to us. The same way the government ID’s us with a social security number. And because there are an infinitesimal amount of numbers, we will never be able to grow old of using this language of math. Clearly…God is a genius. He knew how this would play out. He knows the power of numbers. He created a partner for Adam so that there would be a “pair”, and things would be evenâ€"creating even numbers. On bringing the animals unto the ark, he had 2 (evenly), of every unclean animal, and 7 (God’s number) of every clean animal. He marked Satan’s number as 6, always a step below his own. He feeds the five thousand…with two fish and 5 loaves of bread. Both numbers which are multiples of that 5,000â€"which can be broken down into 5000/2 = 2500 *2= 100 *2*(5^2)=2*5*2*5*2*(5^2). I don’t know how powerful it is to you…but I think it’s amazing the way that that number of people he fed, is able to be broken down into numbers comprising of just the 2 [fish] and 5 [loaves]. Even the plagues he hadâ€"10 before it was complete. 10 can be broken down into a multiplication of 2 and 5…which sum themselves to 7, God’s number. Even in the body…we have two eyes. To ears. Two legs. And on our hands and feet, we have five fingers. Five toes. coincidence with the numbers? I think not. Even beyond this, our body is regulated by numbers. If our heart rate goes below a certain rate, we are no longer alive. If our blood pressure is at a certain level…we die. Even our blood concentration, if it’s pH is outside of the range 7.2-7.4…we die. Is it really coincidental that a neutral pH is at 7? Is it just coincident that our whole body, the way it operates, is comprised of a system of trying to keep our body in equilibrium…by regulating rates? The time that goes by. 7 days a week. 5 weekdays. 2 weekend days. Just by chance? Even the 60 seconds in 1 minute = 2*(5-2)*(5*2). God continually says in the bibleâ€"God is love. The chapter on Love, (1 Corinthians 13: 4-7). 1 Corinthians = 7th book of the new testament. 13th chapter =7 + (5-2)*2 = (5+2) + (5-2)*2. Verses 4-7 =4: (2*2), 5: 5, 6: (5-2)*2, 7: (5+2). You tell me…is this all really just random? It’s like…he knew that numbers could connect us. And just as he’s an everlasting God, he knows that the numbers are also everlasting. The planets, he created them to be a connected circle. And a circle….is one everlasting line, with no corners or other segments. That itself is unique. I don’t know how else to say it other than that. It’s amazing. Math as a languageâ€"is amazing. And it’s only another reflection of how amazing God is. I’m in awe. Utmostly, and fully in awe. 3

Compound Interest Formul The Magic Formula For Becoming...

Compound Interest Formula - The Magic Formula for Becoming Rich and Building Wealth By Keelan Cunningham | Submitted On February 14, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Keelan Cunningham When it comes to becoming rich / building wealth and the importance of regular saving and investing, you simply can t afford not to talk about the power of compound interest. You know, I m not sure if you can get rich quick (unless your definition of quick is 10 years or so); however, if that is your goal, then Compound Interest is the magic bullet of your savings and investing strategy. Compound Interest - The 8th Wonder of the World Albert Einstein famously referred to it as the 8th Wonder of the World and even went as far as saying that the most powerful force in the universe is compound interest. Einstein, you could say, was smarter than the average bear!...so if he thought that there s got to be something behind what he called the greatest mathematical discovery of all time. For something so powerful, the maths behind compound interest is truly very simple. It is just interest earned on top of principal and interest i.e. interest accruing not only on the initial

Speech Recognition Essay - 2594 Words

Speech Recognition Nowadays, computer systems play a major role in our lives. They are used everywhere beginning with homes, offices, restaurants, gas stations, and so on. Nonetheless, for some, computers still represent the machine they will never know how to use. Communicating with a computer is done using a keyboard or a mouse, devices many people are not comfortable using. Speech recognition solves this problem and destroys the boundaries between humans and computers. Using a computer will be as easy as talking with your friend. Unfortunately, scientists have discovered that implementing a perfect speech recognition system is no easy task. This report will present the principles and the major approaches to speech†¦show more content†¦Increasing the number of words isn’t enough because the speech recognition system is unable to differentiate words like ‘to’ and ‘two’ or ‘right’ and ‘write’ (6 ,p.98). Use of Grammar Using grammar, differentiating words like ‘to’ and ‘two’ or ‘right’ and ‘write’ is possible. Grammar is also used to speed up a speech recognition system by narrowing the range of the search (6,p.98). Grammar also increases the performance of a speech recognition system by eliminating inappropriate word sequencing. However, grammar doesn’t allow random dictation which is a problem for some applications (6, p.98). Continuous vs. Discrete Speech When speaking to each other, we don’t pause between words. In other words, we use continuous speech. However, for speech recognition systems, there is difficulty in dealing with continuous speech (6, p.98). The easy way out will be using discrete speech where we pause between words (6, p.100). With discrete speech input, the silent gap between words is used to determine the boundary of the word, whereas in continuous speech, the speech recognition system must separate words using an algorithm which is not a hundred per cent accurate. Still, for a small vocabulary and using grammar, continuous speech recognition systems are available. They are reliable and do not require great computational power (6, p.100). However, forShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Automatic Speech Recognition1610 Words   |  7 PagesAutomatic speech recognition is a tool that allows computers to translate spoken language into written text. This technology can assi st users in interpreting and using audio information for applications such as transcribing interviews, human-computer interactions, and many more. Speech recognition is an application the Ministry of Justice has expressed great interest in. 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Interactive accounts, represented by the TRACE model, acknowledge top-down flow of

How successfully does Alan Ayckbourn slice into the soul of surburbia in Absurd Person Singular Free Essays

I feel Ayckbourn does it extremely well, as he takes three very different couples with very different lives and compares and contrasts them to give the everyday people and situations we come across in our own lives. The characters in this play become more familiar as it develops and people like Marion who has a 2 faced personality becomes recognisable with people in your life. She begins complimenting Jane and Sidney on their kitchen by saying sweet things such as â€Å"what a simply dishy kitchen† but when Jane and Sidney cannot see her she turns to her husband Ronald and claims the house is â€Å"loathsome† and demands her husband to take her home in â€Å"5 minutes† However Jane and Sidney fell everything is going wonderfully, as they have only invited these particular guests, to help them in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on How successfully does Alan Ayckbourn slice into the soul of surburbia in Absurd Person Singular? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sidney says to Ronald â€Å"I hope you’ve been giving a little bit of thought to our chat if you had a moment† Ronald is a bank manager and Sidney wants him to help him out a bit with loans. Then there is Geoff, who is married to Eva. Not that his marriage should mean anything as he constantly cheats on Eva and doesn’t care if she does or doesn’t know. Also he speaks openly about his filthy obsession. He describes one of his conquests as an â€Å"absolute little cracker†. His disloyalty unveils his shallow self but also reveals the reason for Eva’s pain which has led to depression. As Ayckbourn â€Å"slices† through each character, we can see they are all pretending be something and they all appear to concerned with themselves, except Eva she doesn’t act differently to her self or hide her problems, which is clear when she says to Sidney on the subject of her pills † they prevent me from turning into a raving lunatic†. Ayckbourn goes deeper to see her reasons for depression instead of trying to reveal a fake intention, which is what the others posses. * * * * In Act 2 the characters are slowly developing. This time the Christmas party is being held at Geoff and Eva’s and it appears they aren’t in the best of spirits as Geoff has just told Eva he’s leaving her for another woman, this is seen when he says â€Å"Sally and I will probably get somewhere else together† these words are harsh and blunt and have turned Eva mute. When the guests finally arrive, Eva has decided to commit suicide, she begins to gas herself by placing her head in the oven, when Jane walks in and believes she’s cleaning the oven and volunteers to do it herself and says â€Å"don’t you worry about the oven†¦I must clean that oven if it kills me† Eva, upset that her plan has failed then attempts to overdose herself but accidentally drops the pills down the plug hole. Whilst trying to capture them, Sidney enters and thinks she’s trying to unblock it and says â€Å"you’ll never get a sink unblocked that way† then gets his tools kit and begins to ‘fix’ it. This creates a black humour as Eva’s situation is becoming more desperate as people keep interfering even though they believe they are helping but its also quite sad because it shows how little they know about each other as they can’t even see Eva is suffering from serious depression. You can also see how involved they are with themselves and are completely oblivious to the fact that Eva is desperate to kill herself. There is a dramatic irony as Ronald sets about a routine repair of fixing a light bulb but Eva’s condition is anything but routine. We become more and more sympathetic with Eva as she feels without Geoff she cannot live or his dismissal has led her to suicide but with Geoff we despise as he plays with Eva trying to twist things on to her by saying such things as â€Å"if your blaming yourself don’t† which seems he thinks she should be and he also claims â€Å"other men don’t have this trouble† when talking about his cheating as if it were some illness and deserves sympathy for it. As Eva continues to ignore him his impatience grows until he speaks of previous violence such as â€Å"I’m going to lose my temper. And we know what happens then don’t we. I’ll take a swing for you† his patronising and angry tone is almost creepy and furthers are hate for him. Throughout it all, Eva’s many suicide attempts, Ronalds electrocution when changing the light bulb and Sidney drying himself from being soaked in dirty water while fixing the pipes. Is slightly over the top but that adds more comedy but the symapathy for Eva is still there as she is still suffering and suspension is created of what will become of the Brewster-wrights marriage as tension is created when Marion says â€Å"You’d never think it but he was a really vital young man, Eva you’d never think it to look at him† maybe claiming she is no longer attracted to him. How to cite How successfully does Alan Ayckbourn slice into the soul of surburbia in Absurd Person Singular?, Papers

Cold War A Post

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins Essay Sorry no bib on this; it was an in-class handout. This got me a 40/40 in AP History. There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that American policy offered the Russians no real choiceand the United States used or deployed its preponderance of power (Doc 2) and these actions caused the Cold War. The Post-Revisionist position is that the Cold War was initiated both by the United States and the USSR. Through the analysis of documents and other sources, the actual cause of the war lies with both powers. Both powers caused the Cold War because, although the US and the USSR were allied during World War Two, the USSR and US had different ideologies and aims of the war that conflicted after the war was over and the threat that each power imposed on the other. The primary cause of the Cold War is the exceedingly bipolar systems of government that the USSR and the US were administered under. The US had a democracy and had, in April of 1945, just said farewell to one of the most liberal presidents that ever had been elected. By making many social reforms, President Roosevelt pulled the US out of the crippling depression and into on of the most prosperous decades ever. The aims of the US are evident in the Atlantic Charter, which was signed by Churchill and Roosevelt in August of 1914. According to the Charter, the US would seek no aggrandizement. respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live. bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations. and seek the abandonment of the use of force (Doc 4). While still early in the war, the Atlantic Charter was later adopted by the United Nations and remains, to this day, one of the cornerstones of the western world. However, the other power that e merged still intact after the war, the USSR had a very different way of government and dissimilar aims of the war. The USSR was a communist nation and had Stalin its dictator. From the Soviet perspective, extending the borders of the USSR and dominating the formerly independent states of eastern Europe would provide security and would be proper compensation for the fearful losses the Soviet people had endured in the war (p. 1111). This shows that Soviet ambitions directly conflicted with the western doctrine as outlined in the Atlantic Charter. Stalin presented his views on the distinctive nature of the war that was being waged: . whosoever occupies a territory also imposes on it his social system. Everyone imposes his own system as far as his army has power to do so (Doc 8). These documents and accounts show that both the US and the USSR had governmental systems to which they deeply adhered and those systems were in close quarters in Europe after the war, which caused the tensions the heighten even more. They were not willing to try to make the spheres of influence coexist in peace, neither of them. Another factor that added to the tension between the two powers was the ultimate threat that they posed on each other. The condition in Europe after the war encouraged communism because there were starving citizens as well as wealthier citizens and this extreme and life-threatening example of class division encourage those to wish for total equality, the definition of communism. If countries such as France, Britain and the western half of Germany fell to communism, then the USSR would control the whole of Europe and perhaps become an insurmountable enemy just a the Atlantic away on one side and three miles on the other. The extent of the damage suffered by the city in air raids and form the other effects of the war were enormous. There was no gas, no water, no electric current and no means of transportation (Doc 5). Communism was beginning to look appealing to tho se downtrodden citizens in western Europe. Stalin, after alluding to the massive losses suffered by the USSR during the war, said:So what can there be surprise about the fact that the Soviet Union, anxious for its future safety, is trying to see to it that governments loyal in their attitude to the Soviet Union should exist in these countries? How can anyone describe these peaceful aspirations of the Soviet Union as expansionist tendencies on the part of our state? (Doc 20)Thus showing the USSRs wish to expand, even if for a noble cause. These threats to US influence and European security did not go unanswered by the US. In March of 1947, president Truman delivered his famous speech, the Truman Doctrine. One way of life is based upon the will of the majorityguarantees of individual libertyand freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon terror and oppressionfixed electionsand the suppression of personal freedoms (#7). He goes on to ask for hundreds of mill ions of dollars to aid the masses in Europe, thus deterring them from becoming communist, and fundamentally declaring that the USs main goal is containing communism to the eastern half of Europe. He does this through harsh and generalizing comparisons between the communal way of life and the democratic but the message was clearly heard throughout the world. Through these documents, this is apparent that both the US and the USSR were very rigidly adhered to their cause and way of life, thus neither power was willing to compromise, which caused and already high tensions to further escalate into a period that lasted from the end of the war to, perhaps, 1989, when the USSR collapsed. Thus, through the very different ideologies of the US and the USSR and the hazard that each power imposed on the other and thus the fact that neither was willing to compromise with each other, the Cold War was initiated. These aspects of both USSR and US diplomacy caused a line to be drawn down the middle o f Europe with communist nations and influence on the eastern half and democratic on the west. An aspect that was declared in Churchills famous speech at a college in Missouri: An iron curtain has descended across the continent (Doc 19).

The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse Essay Example

The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse Essay Building a strong foundation for any relationship is always key to having a great one. Albert Lamorisse’s The Red Balloon tells the story of a young boy named Pascal who finds friendship in an uncharacteristic object. This thirty-four-minute French film was written, produced, and directed by Lamorisse and takes place in Paris, France. The movie stars Lamorisse’s son roaming the neutral and earthy tone streets post WWII, with the exception of a bright red balloon which is shunned by some and envied by others. Through the use of character, setting, and allegory, Lamorisse displays the concepts of friendship, loyalty, and ostracism in his film The Red Balloon. As soon as the opening scene begins, we are immediately introduced to the main character Pascal, who takes notice of a bright scarlet balloon that is tied to a post. Feeding into his curiosity, he climbs up the post and unties the balloon to take it with him to school. When Pascal tries getting on the trolley to get to school, the driver, as well as everyone else on the trolley, will not let him get on. Realizing he starts to get shunned upon for carrying the balloon, it draws Pascal to have a stronger connection with the red balloon. Through this use of character, Lamorisse conveys the beginnings of friendship between the young boy and his red balloon. Another example of friendship is when Pascal is walking home from school and it is raining, he uses strangers umbrellas to not only cover himself from the rain, but he also covers the scarlet balloon as well. Once this scene was shown it was clear that Pascal had established a connection with the balloon. This interaction between the two further solidifies Lamorisse’s concept friendship as it becomes clear that neither of them plan on being separated, and Pascal is going to take care of the scarlet balloon no matter what obstacles they are going to go through. We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Balloon Directed by Albert Lamorisse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout the movie, it becomes obvious that there is an everlast

The Write to Santa Program in Canada

The Write to Santa Program in Canada More than 6,000 Canada Post volunteers, both staff, and retirees help the Jolly Old Elf with Canada Posts Write to Santa program. Every year, over a million children from all around the world, take advantage of the program by writing to Santa and receiving a personal reply. Letters are answered in the language in which the letter was written, including Braille. Requirements for Letters to Santa Via Canada Post All mail should include a full return address so Santa can answer. Be sure to mail your letter so it gets to Santa before December 14.  Santas mailing address is: Santa ClausNorth PoleH0H 0H0Canada No postage is required for letters to Santa from Canada. However, from other countries, you will need to mail them with the appropriate postage for your country to deliver the envelope to Canada where Santa and his helpers can receive it and reply. Canada Post asks parents to make sure letters to Santa do not include treats for Santa, like cookies. For the fastest delivery to Canada from other countries, its best to use standard sized envelopes and ensure you have placed the correct postage. Santa does not have an email address, according to Canada Post. You will need to send him paper mail. Receiving a Reply From Santa If you send your mail from Canada by early December, you should receive a reply in the mail by December 14, according to Canada Mail. If you dont get a reply, send another letter before December 14. Mail sent by December 14 should have a reply back to your child by December 24. Replies to other countries may take longer as they are dependent on the delivery by the mail systems of those countries.   Getting Creative With Your Childs Letter to Santa Santa and his helpers are happy to see your childs wish list. But you can enliven your letter with pictures, drawings, funny jokes, and stories telling about your childs favorite games, sports, friends, pets, and other details. This helps  brighten the mail and make it easier for Santa and his elves to craft a personal response that will delight your child. It can be a fun experience to help your child write the letter and explore what excites them and what they find most interesting in their lives. Tips for Teachers In order for Santa to write the best letters, his elves need some information about each child. Teachers may check with Media Relations at Canada Post to find templates and checklists to complete a class package of letters to Santa. Yearly requirements and tips are often released in mid-November.   To make sure your students get a response before schools and daycares break for the holidays, mail your classroom letters by December 8. Note that this date may change from year to year, depending on where weekends fall and the volume of letters experienced.

Plant Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plant Psychology - Essay Example After all, they too have requirements for living as others, and if at all these requirements are not fulfilled, they will cease to survive. So there any proof of plants' behavior Plants do some amazing things; photosynthesis is outstanding work, and so is splitting water molecules. Plants can even communicate amongst each other by releasing chemicals into the air. These chemicals were 'unknown' to humans until we developed instruments sensitive enough to detect them. So, plants do not need to be endowed with superhuman attributes to be displaying psychology. Backster in 1968 claimed that all living cells are capable of "primary perception," a form of direct biological communication. He monitored the electrical resistance on the surface of one leaf on each of three philodendrons to see if they would respond at the moment of death of distant brine shrimp. The plants were monitored throughout these time periods. The procedure was totally automated, and the experimenter left the premises during the process of the experiment. The plant's responses were recorded on a strip chart recorder, which were later analyzed by three blind judges. There was a significantly greater amount of activity on the plants, showing they had 'felt; what had happened to other plants (Sargent, 1982). Simply because plants lack a nervous system, people never care to think over the fact that plants can also portray behavior.

Information flows and financial management Essay - 2

Information flows and financial management - Essay Example This essay intends to give an implicit description on its operation and transacting. More importantly, the first two scenarios in the test-drive manual. The scenarios are, project code and transfer of funds. This introductory part intends to acquaint a first time user. It entails procedures followed and observations made when running the test drive through the two stated scenarios. Project code is a simple document that adds to the Kauli Financial system. The person who enter a document in this system is referred to us the author or initiator. On completion of selecting and accumulation of data, the system is able to route the eDoc automatically for online approval. Routing is only possible if its setting in the system is active. This process starts by clicking the â€Å"Main Menu† tab. On â€Å"Look up and Maintenance† tab click ‘Project Code’. The Look up screen appears. At this point, click â€Å"Create new† to create a new electronic document. The eDoc format appears with an assigned identity number on the top of the screen (Dan, 2011). In reference to the directive on the manual on how to find valid principal names by using several and different characters, it was unsuccessful (Dan, 2011).Tom Edwards is an alternative principal name in the project manager principal space. After the above steps, submission of the form for approval is done by clicking on the â€Å"submit† tab. The screen indicated the following details: The specified project manager principal name, the specified chart code and the specified organization code does not exist. However, using valid codes and principal name, the form’s submission succeeds. This technicality happens because of the rules guiding validation. These rules are unique in each institution (Dan, 2011). The question in this observation any first time user might ask is, â€Å"why the form was not successfully submitted?† Answering this

US Justice Departments Case Against Microsoft

US Justice Departments Case Against Microsoft Explain how economic theories and evidence can help in understanding the US Justice Departments recent case against Microsoft, and in Microsofts defense against the accusations. The continuing legal case against Microsoft began initially in September 1996 when the Department of Justice claimed that Microsoft forced computer makers to take Internet Explorer. By January 1997, Microsoft controlled 85% of the operating systems market. By August 1997 Microsoft and Apple Computers had agreed to a $250 million collaboration over various products and programs including most definitively making Internet Explorer bundled with Apple computers as its default browser. Within the next two months the Department of Justice created a suit claiming that Microsoft violated its 1995 consent decree, disallowing Windows operating system to be tied to any other products. Thus beginning a four year roller coaster of trial and appeals leading to presumed wins and losses for both sides, concluding with a November 1, 2002 settlement, finally approved on June 30, 2004 in a U.S. appeals court, citing it is in the public’s interests. Throughout this case in many courtrooms and in front of numerous trial lawyers and judges a number of economic theories have been introduced and cited in the rulings for and against Microsoft. Beginning in December 1997 when Department of Justice Thomas Penfield Jackson, whom later was targeted as bias against Microsoft, stopped Microsoft from requiring the distribution of Internet Explorer with Windows 95 claiming theories of market â€Å"lock-in†, a spoke in the wheel of â€Å"path dependence†. Judge Jackson disputed that Microsoft Windows operating system owes the bulk of its market success to the high number of applications written for it. Also claiming â€Å"lock-in† theory in that Microsoft was barring applicants to enter the market despite the fact that consumer and product tests and reviews showed Windows continuously beating out IBM’s OS 2, which ironically was compatible with Windows and yes came with a browser and had numerous applications writt en for it. Jackson pushed to label Microsoft as going against the Sherman anti-trust laws by reducing Netscape’s market share to create a monopoly over the operating system markets claiming a viable case of â€Å"path dependence.† Path dependency is an argument that presumes that technology markets involve a danger of being â€Å"locked-in† to an inferior technology when subject to changes in the network as the better product is not always the winner and in fact winning and losing is highly based on sheer luck and past historical events. Once â€Å"locked-in† there is little opportunity to switch to the superior of the products as the costs of changing are made very high to protect the monopolistic company. There are many opponents to the theory of â€Å"path dependence† created by Brian W. Arthur. The major point of discrepancy is that Windows dominance throughout the operating system market was created by its economic efficiency and its position can be quickly eliminated with the introduction of system of better quality. Claims also include the caution that if â€Å"lock-in† theories are generally accepted the number of suits filed will increase drastically as many markets are subject to market effects and high seller concentration. This ultimately can be detrimental to the entire marketplace, damaging industry growth creating unsure investors with the inability to seek refuge within productivity effects on a scale base. According to the U.S. courts, Microsoft was establishing â€Å"barriers to entry† and therefore in need of priority anti-trust intervention. The fear being that regardless if a new entry to the market had a superior product to the Microsoft operating system, Microsoft would still ultimately dominate the marketplace as the costs to switch would be tremendous, lying entirely in the hands of the consumer, as all of Windows and each of its compatible applications would be rendered useless, thus creating a â€Å"lock-in† for Microsoft despite its inefficient capabilities. The example disputed throughout numerous debates was that of Macintosh would have been the better solution, however Linux despite being superior would be unable to overcome its â€Å"lock-in† position. The concluding solution: Judge Jackson rules on June 7, 2000, ordering Microsoft to break up and form two separate companies, one producing Windows operating system and the other to handle software app lications, including a barring from uniting for up to ten years. Again opponents to the â€Å"path dependence† claim that Microsoft’s dominance was in fact due to its superior products and a break up of the company would create a detrimental effect to welfare of technology, hampering innovation for years ahead. Bill Gates stated the break up would set Microsoft back some ten years. Also that the anti-trust laws cannot hold the same conditioning they did one hundred years ago over markets such as soy bean production as today’s high-tech markets are subject to rapid innovation and change that promotes aggressive behavior within the industry to stay ahead. This was the basis for the June 14, 2000 appeal by Microsoft over the District Court’s judgment. The appeals court ruled in favor of resisting Microsoft’s need to split into two companies but sided with the District Court in that Microsoft continually abused its monopoly standing within the software business. The major point in fact is that both courts presumably agreed that Microsoft’s success was largely attributed to luck and the â€Å"lock-in† effect coupled with switching costs stifling consumers, rather than pointing to its efficiency contributing to its success. The contradiction that was introduced by the appeals courts against the â€Å"lock-in† theory is that under the â€Å"lock-in† theory only a monopolistic break up could disrupt the network effect cycle and restore the deteriorated competition as cited by the district court. But if this â€Å"lock-in† theory were to hold strong then the appeals court decision to not separate Microsoft would ultimately contribute to its dominance. According to the Justice Department’s economic experts, the break up of Microsoft would create higher prices to accommodate both of the companies that would be trying to maximize profits by creating products that are complementary instead of the current production of a single product. In a surprise turn of events the ruling was turned in favor of Microsoft, claiming, as stated earlier, Jackson’s previous statements to journalists were sufficient evidence of his bias against Microsoft. The Supreme Court, on August 7, 2001, reversed the ruling that Microsoft was an illegal monopoly. On September 6, 2001 the Department of Justice states that it no longer seeks to pursue either the break up of Microsoft or the bundling issue at the center of the case. The next month followed with an approved settlement between the Department of Justice and Microsoft over anti-trust charges, however nine states still sought stricter infractions against Microsoft, seeking to have Internet Explorer placed within the public domain, along with other commitments including the ability of computer makers to remove some Windows features. Following lawsuits have followed, including suits by AOL Time Warner and Sun Microsystems, Inc., both settled through monetary resolve. Finally, on Jun e 30, 2004, the U.S. appeals court approved Microsoft’s settlement with the Justice Department, saying it is in the public’s interest. As the above stated is the path Microsoft has traveled to continue it process of continuing software market innovation, it is necessary to look at what allowed many companies and the justice system to confront and challenge Microsoft’s work ethic and productivity. To speak from the side of Microsoft, Microsoft dominates in software markets where reviews and evaluations show they have the best products and do not in markets where other products are superior. Also, under monopolistic practices traditional views of economics suggest that prices are maximized to maximize profits, however within all the markets where Microsoft has a substantial holding prices have fallen dramatically. Also, the â€Å"lock-in† theory stresses that technology industries get stuck with low quality products, but history shows that in high-tech markets, superior products eliminate inferior ones, as was the case with the superior Excel over Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Word over the inferior WordPerf ect. Reviews are the main contributor to the success of these products. Reviews gave landslide wins to both Excel and Word, where Microsoft Money was the inferior product to Quicken it failed. According to the Justice system these products carried â€Å"path dependence† that â€Å"locked-in† the inferior products (from which of these products the statement is directed is unclear) and therefore â€Å"locked-out† innovative newcomers. Examples of â€Å"lock-in† are products that become highly publicly used such as the telephone or VCR become the norm and consumers will relinquish from trying others products that vary from the standard. The antagonist to this is that the high-tech market changes so rapidly that competitive advantages have a short lifespan. Also, that consumers are able to handle the concept that if everyone knew another product was better and more efficient would not someone find a way to cut the costs to switch to the superior product. Evid ence clearly suggests that yes a single product leading to increasing returns for the company often dominates markets such as software markets, however its replacement often happens at a record speed when a product comes along that is clearly superior. Think of game play consoles; Nintendo GameCube was almost placed into extinction with the introduction of Playstation 2 and Microsoft Xbox, whose prominence will not be countered with the introduction of Xbox 360 and soon Playstation 3. To counter the anti -trust issue against Microsoft, economists have argued that Microsoft has neither raised its prices nor restricted the output of its products, both traditional elements within a monopoly. Microsoft, on the other hand, offers good quality products at prices that are attractive to consumers and this has lead to Microsoft’s large market share. The problem that lingers is why has a company that has made good products at good prices been placed under such large scrutiny. Three ideals that have allowed firms to be exposed are arbitrary law, perfect competition, and economic versus political power. The antitrust laws rely heavily on arbitrary language that reflects the arbitrary rulings within perfect competition. Consider pricing, if one sets its prices above it competitors it can be seen as trying to monopolize, setting prices below can reflect unfair competition or restraining trade and if prices are similar to that of competitors the charge can be a scheme to fix prices. Therefore regardless of any price you set you are in violation of the anti-trust laws. Who is prosecuted is ultimately up to the prosecutors and whom they see as firms that hold large market share or whom is enjoying large profits. Also under the anti-trust laws, the â€Å"essential services† doctrine states that ‘a product or service that becomes widely used and relied upon loses it private character and effectively becomes private property, to be shared with rivals and the government.’ Presumably the Windows operating system became a red mark under this doctrine. The unfortunate factor is that firms are penalized for making great products that are successful. Also, consider the charge that Microsoft held a monopolizing market share. This definition is subjective to the prosecutor as well. Microsoft holds approximately 5% of the worldwide market share, but has 50% of the PC software market and 80% of the software for Intel based PCs. What is the determining factor to decide where a Monopoly is created? The result is that Microsoft has been forced to self-regulate to avoid constant prosecution, and this is the path to slower innovation. Perfect competition is the ideal theory not on how competition actually works but instead on how it should work. Ideally every market should be saturated with a great number of firms and impending newcomers to the market, with each firm holding a small share of the market. Entrance into the market should be cost-free and no firm can change its pricing to change its market share and products should be indistinguishable. Under such profits are rendered non-existent as any profit would be considered an imperfect market and after covering costs the ideal situation is a firm showing a loss. This is in theory but in reality there is no industry that is like this as all of the entrants would decease due to a lack of the ability to survive. This ideal of perfect competition was one of the theories used to combat Microsoft. The concept of economic power versus political power is the ideal that many suits brought up as antitrust suits are contrived as revengeful plot to gain back market share that has been taken from the initiating party. Instead of creating products that are more efficient and more able to compete. The difference between economic and political power is that economic power is the power to create and produce using intellectual capability to achieve no successes, trading voluntarily to the advantage of all parties. While political power is power used to force and punish, involving physical aggrandizement used to overpower other parties. Microsoft is a leading cooperative producer flaunting only economic power. The powers that restrain them are not consumers, for which profit from Microsoft creating economical and efficient products, but instead the rivals bring suit not in the interest of the overall market but only in fear of losing even more share of the market. Traditional economic theory promotes that economic efficiency is derived from price and quality, which determine the outcome within the market. Though the court doesn’t mention the theory of path dependence explicitly, the evidence provided by the plaintiffs strictly resembles the elements enlisted under the Arthur theory. ‘The argument is that a positive feedback loop due to static economies of scale and demand-side network effects led to the so-called intractable ‘chicken-and-egg’ problem, which caused a ‘Microsoft-winner-take-all’ and a ‘Mac-OS/2-Linux-loser-gets-nothing’ solution. Microsoft is also blamed for being an inferior lock-in standard today due to positive feedback. There is no statement claiming that Microsoft gained its dominant market position simply by chance and was able to out do Apple in the battle for the predominance in the OS market in the mid 1980s. There’s also no explicit statement that Microsoft would have been an inferior technology inspired by early luck in comparison with its early competitors in the mid 1980s. Concerning the early technology selection problem during the standard battle between Microsoft and Apple, there’s no link with ARTHUR’s theory within the court’s argumentation. As a result, Microsoft is not explicitly blamed for having been an inferior solution in the past. But Microsoft is implicitly blamed for being an inferior lock-in standard today who gained its dominant market position in the past by positive feedback and whose predominance is protected by the applications barrier to entry. The court claims that Apple Macintosh, OS/2 and Linux haven’t been able to overcome the applications barrier to entry which implies that these alternative OSs are thought to be at least of the same or even of better quality than Windows because no competitor with worse quality could compete effectively with the incumbent. In this respe ct, the court argues completely according to ARTHUR’s theory that there’s almost no possibility to ‘unlock’ the Microsoft monopoly. The judge doesn’t mention explicitly the term ‘inferior lock-in monopoly’ but also demonstrates that Microsoft isn’t believed to survive due to superior product quality but simply by anti-competitive means, which protect and enhance the applications barrier to entry.’ (1a.) Fortunately, for the future innovations within the software market and the constant advance, Microsoft is free to create new efficient products at reasonable products for the future to come. That arbitrary economic theory almost crushed this opportunity and stalemated the innovation process speaks volumes about the need to produce legislation that can be accurately held accountable to guide all firms. Whether there need be strict rules to account for different markets and product types to discern between never changing marketplaces to industries that turnover a week at a time is left unclear. Regardless, Microsoft is not evil for creating a profit on an increasing returns agenda, that is what is available in markets that hold market share and volume advantages. References: JACKSON (1999), U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust-Division, p. 6. Ohios sad legacy of antitrust: John Sherman to Betty Montgomery By James A. Damaskweb, July 1998 Law and Economics of Microsoft vs. U.S. Department of Justice: New Paradigm for Antitrust in Network Markets or Inefficient Lock-In of Antitrust Policy? By Marc-Peter Radke Stuttgart-Hohenheim ISSN 1618-5358, 2001 www.findlaw.com Wired magazine issue 3.10: The More you Sell, the More you Sell. Law and Economics of Microsoft vs. U.S. Department of Justice New Paradigm for Antitrust in Network Markets or Inefficient Lock-In of Antitrust Policy? By Marc-Peter Radke, Nov. 2001 www.cnn.com

Minority Marketing

There are various environmental factors that must be considered in the designing of the marketing strategy.   The microenvironment, as part of the company’s marketing environment, consists of factors that directly impact the company and its ability to serve.   The macroenvironment, on the other hand, includes the larger societal and cultural forces that affect the microenvironment (Multicultural Marketing). Another name for minority marketing is multicultural marketing, which entails communication with diverse cultures or market segments that belong to diverse backgrounds as well as settings.   Cultures determine how members of society think, feel, and act (Haralambos and Holborn, 1995).   Hence, culture also determines the tastes of people in products that they would actually purchase. As a matter of fact, cultural values of a society are reflected in the members’ views of organizations, products, services, and other environmental entities.   Therefore, it is essential for a company planning to market to minorities to gain an understanding of the culture of the minorities in question.   Only by understanding the culture and values of the minorities may the organization be able to provide its targeted consumers with the products and services they would eventually buy. Through advertising and public relations with segmented media, an organization may come into contact with any diverse group that it wants to target through its marketing strategy.   By placing an ad or article in the language of a minority group, the company may easily get its message across.   Experts indicate that it makes very good business sense to include the people of color, different age groups, genders, in addition to people with disabilities, in advertisements as  well as other marketing materials.   This strategy allows for powerful, nonverbal communication which goes deep into the mind of the consumer (Multicultural Marketing). It is also essential for organizations to take into account the meaning of differing cultural universes (Dr. Michael Hurd).   As an example, the American Motor Corporation named its product, the â€Å"Matador,† only to realize later that to Puerto Ricans, the word means â€Å"killer.†Ã‚   Another example revealing the significance of understanding cultural universes has to do with ethics. In this case, a 30-second advertising spot proved to be an expensive error on the part of Doubletree Hotels Corporation, seeing that it was deemed as offensive to the Arab community, portraying the staff of the hotel wearing Arab-style clothing and bowing to guests.   This ad segment was interpreted as the staff worshipping or imploring visitors.   As the majority of Arabs worship the one true God, the ad was seen to ridicule them (International Business Customs). Organizations cannot assume that all people of the nation would have the same cultural values.   Rather, it is ethical to take into account the societal and religious practices as well as beliefs of the people that the organization targets in its marketing strategy as potential customers.   After all, the marketing mix is meant to satisfy customers.   Therefore, it is of the essence for the organization to analyze the what, where, when, and how of consumer behavior.   The social factor is very important in the consumer’s decision to make a purchase.   This factor is influenced by opinion leaders, the consumer’s family, reference groups, culture and social class. Understanding different cultures helps an organization to produce that which a particular market segment demands.   Given that Chinese Americans have a strong preference for communicating in their native language, a company that wants to target Chinese Americans may  want to write the name of its product on marketing literature in both English and Chinese.   According to research, the Hispanics too have a preference to communicate in their own language.   Sixty eight percent of Hispanics in Houston indicated that they prefer to watch Spanish language television.   Hence, an organization that wants to target Hispanic Americans may want to spend more of its marketing funds on ads that would be run on Spanish language television (Qaddumi, 1999). Back in 1998, research further revealed that given the Chinese emphasis on new technology, at least 72.1% of Chinese American families have access to computes and at least 53% have access to the Internet.   Hence, it is easy to target Chinese American consumers through Internet marketing (Chinese American, 1998).   What is more, a majority of Hispanic Americans indicated that food coupons had a great influence on their purchasing decisions. Once again, marketing research based on minorities as the target consumers of an organization, can work wonders for the organization.   Every minority group has differing needs with relevance to its cultural practices.   An organization that includes ethical considerations with special reference to minority groups, is more likely to satisfy its target consumers with its marketing approach, seeing that this organization is not bound to ridicule its consumers instead of pleasing them. One very successful organization targeting minorities through its media campaigns is Southwest Airlines.   The fourth largest major airline in the United States especially targets African Americans as well as Hispanics.   The result? – Today, Southwest Airlines is a model organization that everybody would like to study in terms of marketing strategy. References â€Å"Chinese American Social Behavior Index.† (1998, Jan 24). Asian Trends. Online. Internet. 26 Jul. 2001. Churchill, Richard. (2001, April 2). â€Å"Southwest Airlines Powering a Sales Liftoff – Southwest Airlines Co. advertising targets African-Americans.† Brandweek. â€Å"Dr. Michael Hurd on Effective Therapy.† Dr. Hurd’s Website. Online. Internet. 25 Jul. 2001. Haralambos, Michael, and Holborn, Martin. (1995). Sociology—Themes and Perspectives. 4th ed. London: Collins Educational. â€Å"International Business Customs† Eglobal Greetings. Online. Internet. 21 Jun. 2001. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Multicultural Marketing.† About the Human Internet. Online. Internet. 25 Jul. 2001. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Qaddumi, Thora. (1999, September 15). â€Å"’Impact’: Houston Hispanic market is ripe for Marketing.† Houston Business Journal. Online. Internet. 25 Jul. 2001.

Anomalous 2ndary growth in dicot and monocot system

DICOT STEM Plants showing anomalous secondary growth can be studied in two main groups. (1) Those in which cambium of normal type is present and persists but by peculiarity or irregularity in its activity develop vascular tissues of unusual arrangement. (2) Those in which the normal cambium either does not develop or in soon replaced by another cambium. This abnormal cambium may either develop from cortex or pericycle and shows abnormal activity.NORMAL CAMBIUM WITH ABNORMAL ACTIVITY: Aristolochia Stem: During secondary growth inter and intra fascicular cambium becomes active and forms a ring. The inter fascicular cambium cuts vascular tissue and the inter fascicular cambium forms parenchyma. The strands thus remain discrete. The growth rings are visible in xylem. With the increase of secondary tissue pith and rays are partly crushed. This crushing is probably a result of resistance offered to the expanding vascular system by the perivascular cylinder (pericycle).This slender also bre aks up after some time at the rays. Adjacent parenchyma cells invade the breaks by intrusive growth and may differentiate into sclereide. The intra fascicular cambium at places forms parenchyma which results in the bifurcation of bundles phellogen is formed from the hypodermis. It is initiated as isolated vertical strips extending from node to node and takes several years to spread over the entire surface. The cork developed is layered and considerable amount of phellogen (secondary cortex) is developed lenticles are also formed.ANOMALOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN MONOCOT STEM In monocotyledons normally the vascular bundles are closed. The cambium being absent the secondary growth is absent; but in some plants like dracaema and Yucca secondary growth takes place.Dracaens Stem:(1) The young stem has typical structure i.e. epidermis is followed by sclerenchymatous hypodermis. A large number of closed collateral bundles are scattered in ground tissue.(2) One of the outer layers of cells from the ground tissue becomes meristematic and functions as cambium. The cambium formed in the region which has ceased elongating.(3) The activity of this  cambium is more on the inner side and very little on the outside where it forms only parenchyma. On the inner side it forms xylem and parenchyma in alternate patches. The inner parenchymatous cells are called conjunctive tissue.(4) After a short while the activity of cambium on inner side changes and above the xylem is starts forming phloem and then again xylem. Thus phloem becomes encircled by xylem and ring of leptocentric (amphibasal) vascular bundle is formed. The xylem formed earlier has bigger vessels.(5) Around each vascular bundle is developed sclerenchymatous sheath.(6) The cambium after sometime alters its activity and forms xylem on the inner side, at those places where it was previously forming the parenchyma and parenchyma in place of xylem. Similar to earlier case again by change in activity it forms a ring of vascul ar bundles.(7) Activity of cambium goes on changing regularly and more rings of vascular bundles are formed.(8) The last one or two rings of vascular bundles lie in conjunctive tissue.(9) Cork cambium is formed below hypodermis and forms cork and cork cambium in normal fashion.

The Commonwealth Bank Of Australia - 1645 Words

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The Commonwealth Bank is one of the largest listed companies on the Australian Stock Exchange as of August 2015 with brands including Bankwest, Colonial First State Investments Limited, ASB Bank (New Zealand), Commonwealth Securities Limited (CommSec) and Commonwealth Insurance Limited (CommInsure). 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