American Views On Kinship And Social Relations - 893 Words

Kinship is an area we talked about extensively in class because it represents a huge part of many people’s lives. This ideal is found throughout and delegates the lives of many individuals throughout thousands of cultures. In â€Å"Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging† McCurdy says that if an Indian couple were to come to the United States for the first time they might be, â€Å"surprised by [the lack of] American social relations.† (McCurdy 2014:209) In this essay I will be describing how American views on kinship and social relations vary from those of Indians through both personal experience and learned information. First lets highlight what kind of roles kinship and social relations play in the lives of these potential Indian tourists. Kinship groups, to Indians, are an essential part of life; kinship is something that makes various decisions for an individuals life, some of those include: who you marry, what you inherit, and your level of status in the family. Throughout most of India, people use patrilineal descent to establish kinship; this means that only males are part of the descent group. In this kind of descent extended family is an integral part of an individuals life because many generations all live together under one roof. For example, one may grow up in a household with their grandparents, uncles and their wives and children, and even older brother’s wives and kids. This way of life keeps familial land and resources all under one roof rather than spreadingShow MoreRelatedLiterature Through The Use Of Ethnographies1389 Words   |  6 Pagesopinions amongst social findings that continue to develop our understanding of societal behaviours. This notion is evident in Undoing Kinship which explores the meaning of Kinship and further, how it is understood and exercised in different cultures. It is through this text that we, as readers, and others, as Anthropologists, begin to question our own knowledge of Kinship and review these viewpoints in aid of a wider Anthropological conversation. Undoing Kinship focuses on how kinship is formed, maintainedRead MoreAnalyze Native American Societies1482 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we will discuss the possibilities or the lack of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay will concentrate on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussingRead MoreKinship : Who Are We?762 Words   |  4 PagesWho Are We? Kinship can help define who we are, through the values we subscribe to, where we live, and even our political and religious beliefs. Kinship, or families, are a part of all societies, and has been said to be the most basic of all social institutions—it is how people of different cultures categorize the people they are connected to, and that has a lot of influence on a person’s life. But kinship doesn’t always equal family. I’ve heard the phrase, â€Å"she is like kin to us.† That’s becauseRead MoreMy Own Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Kinship1374 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, one’s own culture, race, ethnicity, and kinship is an important aspect to describing an individual. This relationship can be effected in terms of physical appearance and social situations within ones everyday life. Throughout my own life, family and kinship has positively influenced my own values and morals. Because of these aspects, I have exper ienced some stereotypes of my own race. Throughout my life, my family has impacted how I have looked upon my own morals and valuesRead MoreSocial Organization and Laws in the Trobiand Islands1611 Words   |  6 Pages 1985, 12). Laws are essential in every culture regardless of â€Å"whether ‘savage’ or ‘civilized’ (Malinowski, 1985, 13). Malinowski believed that all societies had laws, rules, and customs that are followed; in addition to hard laws, there are also social morals and obligations that are followed. It may be culture specific, but it exists in all cultures. Malinowski argued that â€Å"there is a number of laws, taboos and obligations in every human culture which weigh heavily on every citizen, demand greatRead MoreAlfred Herbert Radcliffe-Brown : Understanding Of The Sociological Paradigm761 Words   |  4 PagesThe three major Sociological Paradigms are Structural Functionalism, Social Conflict, and Symbolic Interactionist. The Structural Functionalism sociological theorist tha t I will be focusing on will be Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, a British sociologist. The Social Conflict theorist will be Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, a German sociologist. And for Symbolic Interactionist sociological theorist will be Herbert George Blumer, an American sociologist. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown was born in BirminghamRead MoreThe Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis982 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduces the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which claims that language has strong influence on culture. He then discusses the study of kinship terms, (folk) taxonomies, color terms, prototypes, and taboo and euphrmisms used in different cultures to furthur support the hypothesis. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis illustrates the stucture of one language strongly affect the world-view of its speakers. Wardhaugh first quotes the explaination from Sapir and Whorf to demonstrates a clear outline of the Sapir-WhorfRead MoreGender Analysis : Love, Gold, And The Shadows Of Affluence By Pierrette Hondagneu Sotelo1515 Words   |  7 PagesWGS 203: Gender in the Contemporary World Prof. Grace Cho Fall 2015 Final Exam Throughout history, people around the world are encountered with social structures that may positively shape their lives or may lead to the view of life as a burden. The social structures placed upon us shape the way we view and handle our economical and political values. Global inequalities of wealth and power have increasingly created an abundance of gendered structural violence. These instances can be clearly seenRead MoreSocietys Major Institutions: Education, Economics, Religion, and Political sectors.1608 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on the teachings of values, norms, statuses, and roles. The family is designed to guide sexual activity, socialization, and social relations within a sexual union (Sociology of the Family). Every family is run differently under different circumstances and beliefs. In America, there are many different types of kinships and many different ways each of these kinships are run. The family of procreation consists of parents residing with their biological children. There is also the family of orientationRead MoreWhat Is the Relationship Between â€Å"Biology† and Kinship Systems?2505 Words   |  11 PagesQ. What is the relationship between â€Å"biology† and kinship systems? A. Kinship can be defined as society acknowledging biological connections between people. This view however has been challenged because kinship systems are regarded now as too complex. C. Levi-Strauss (1963) argued; â€Å"Kinship†¦only exists in human consciousness.† The correct way of studying the relationship between biology and kinship systems can only be made by looking at particular societies and cannot be made universally. Biology

Project Management Life Cycle Description Essay - 1295 Words

To complete the task at hand. the project team will utilize the project management life cycle to ensure the projects forward movement. This cycle promotes an organized manner in which to keep the project within the time scope, budget scopes, and facilitates fluid processes to harness risks and make appropriate decisions based on research, analysis, and proper process usage. This cycle includes five phases: initiating the project, planning the project, executing the plan, monitoring and controlling aspects of the project, and closing the project. In the following outline, a more in-depth background of how these processes will assist and promote the success of the team and specific tasks and budgeting constraints. A thorough description of†¦show more content†¦As the newly hired Project Manager (PM) for Fiction Corporation the organization has tasked the PM and project team with several requirements to be fulfilled within a 30-day time period and a budget of $500,000. The team is comprised of ten Project Management Professional (PMP)-certified project managers that have successfully accomplished projects that include: wiring closets, data center moves, wireless, network upgrades, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) deployments. The background knowledge in project management and the experience of the team will assist in success towards Fiction Corporations objective to initiate, plan accordingly, execute properly, monitor and control, and close the project as requested. Fiction Corporations goal is to move the primary data center operations to a new headquarters building, upgrade the network, correct any security flaws, and accomplish this without interruptions in the current 24 hour operations. The Corporation is comprised of 10,000 employees and 500 retail outlets that depend on the consistency of operations. The data center supports remote retail locations, an off-site 100-seat call center, and three remote warehousing operations (24-hrs.). Primary data processing hardware that will need to be moved includes 2 large uninterrupted power supply (UPS), 4 RS/6000 AIX application servers, 10 virtual servers, and 20 personal computer (PC) servers. In addition, networkShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Systems Engineering1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribed in Chapters Three and Seven. Chapter Three introduces the concept of â€Å"life-cycle stages† for all systems, noting that â€Å"[e]very man-made system has a life-cycle, even if it is not formally defined.† In other words, all systems have a beginning, when the concept is explored and built; a middle, when the system is deployed and used; and an end, when the system is closed down and retired. In addition to life-cycle stages, the Handbook identifies three perspectives on the system as a whole: theRead MoreProject Management Life Cycle1720 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management Life Cycle The Project Management Life Cycle (PMLC) addresses the project management needs for all systems development projects. It is applicable to new system development projects and to maintenance projects for existing systems. What is a Project Management Life Cycle? A system development project is a set of activities that starts and ends at identifiable points in time and that produces quantifiable and qualifiable deliverables. Projects are staffed by people using processesRead MoreEssay on Project Life cycle1262 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Project management plays an important role in achieving a successful project as it manage the project according the schedule and budget. According to Schwalbe (2011), project life cycle defined as a collection of project phases, development, implementation and close-out. There are five important steps in developing project life cycle namely defining project goal, planning project, executing project, closing project and lastly, evaluating the project (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix). Firstly, projectRead MorePerformance1552 Words   |  7 PagesTHE MEANING OF PROJECT: A project is a unique venture with specific start and end dates. This is different from an ongoing task that doesnt have an end date. Projects often involve different parts of an organization. Constraints on project include cost, schedule, resources, and quality. There is a give and take between these items i.e. you cant have it all. Usually projects are divisible into stages or phases each with their own set of priorities and goals. A project is an important and carefullyRead MoreConcept Of Stakeholder Management And Project Life Cycle1658 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpreted the concept of stakeholder management and try to answer some of the research questions. Review of different publications assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of theoretical perspective and keep the researcher well informed of the subject. To start with, the study presents a brief concept of project, project management, project environment and project life cycle. Further, stakeholder concept and stakeholder management method in a project are presented. This section of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Project Management For The Business World1380 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming a project manager, the information pertained throughout this course served as a great guide to being an effective project manager. Being effective is the best route in ensuring a successful project. It is critical that the project is managed effective from the beginning of the business project. While the success of a project is never guaranteed, project managers have better chances with implementing the tools discussed from this course. I will first discuss the importance of project managementRead MoreWhy Do Some Executives Refuse For Function As Project Sponsors?1348 Words   |  6 Pages1. Why do some executives refuse to function as project s ponsors? An executive is nothing but the person or group appointed and given the responsibility to lead the events of an organization and the authority to make decisions within particular boundaries. In an organization an executive is different from managers and supervisors in that they implement plans rather than look after their completion. Generally, executives can create long-term and short-term plans in accordance with the company’s strategiesRead MoreA Description Of The Core Activities Within The Software Development Process1472 Words   |  6 PagesA description of the core activities in the software development process 1. Requirements 2. Design 3. Implementation 4. Testing / verification 5. Documentation 6. Maintenance An explanation of the distinction between systems analysis and systems design and a description of the activities involved in each System development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems analysis and systems design. In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the details of an existingRead MoreDescription Of A Logistics Management Specialist Job Description Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesWriting job descriptions can be over whelming, challenging and confusing however, Human Resource Management Specialist have expertise to assist hiring managers with job analysis which creates the foundation for job descriptions. Youssef (2015) noted, â€Å"Job descriptions identify characteristics of the job to be performed in terms of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities and serve as a benchmark for many human resource matters such as compensation, performance evaluations, training needs assessmentsRead MoreResources:After The Initial Planning For A New Business1195 Words   |  5 PagesResources: After the initial planning for a new business case has begun, management should be gin creating a list of required resources. Planning of resources is usually initiated in phase two of the project plan life cycle and involves identifying main types of assets that may be needed during the project build. At the start of the resource gathering phase, all known resources may not be available while unknown resources may not yet be identified. A helpful tool that can be used to effectively

Becoming a Veterinarian Essay Sample free essay sample

An interesting line of work is being a veterinary. and though it can take a batch of schooling it can be really honoring. Veterinarians attention for the wellness of pets. farm animal. and animate beings in menagerie. Veterinarians are physicians who treat diseased and injured animate beings and give advice on how to care and engender healthy animate beings. The first veterinary appeared around 2. 500 B. C. in Babylon and China. There are two chief types of vets. For illustration. there are big carnal veterinaries that work with cattles. Equus caballuss. elephants. and legion other big species. But there are besides little carnal veterinaries that work with smaller species. such as comrade animate beings ( pets ) . â€Å"The AMVA ( American Medical Veterinary Association ) says that 70 seven per centum of veterinaries who work in private medical patterns dainty pets† ( American Medical Veterinary Association ) . Some veterinaries help to protect worlds from undertaking disease s carried by animate beings by researching human and carnal wellness jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Becoming a Veterinarian Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After old ages of college they study to do remedies for animate beings. They perform surgery. set breaks. dainty and frock lesions. trade hours with exigencies. and more. They have different countries of expertness such as ; field survey to private pattern. Statistically it’s harder to acquire into Veterinarian College than into human medical colleges ( talktothevet. com ) . When seeking to go a veterinarian. a individual needs to take at least four old ages of college and four old ages of veterinary medicine school. Some veterinarian plans require. a bachelor’s grade. but most require that you have to forty five to ninety semester hours at the undergraduate plan. It doesn’t mean you have to be a consecutive â€Å"A† pupil though. Pre veterinarian colleges usually require chemical science. Physics. biochemistry. general biological science. carnal biological science. carnal nutrition. genetic sciences. craniate embryology. cellular biological science. microbiology. fauna. and systemic physiology. Some colleges want you to take English or literature. other humanistic disciplines. and societal scientific disciplines. They may besides necessitate concern direction to assist new alumnuss with running their ain pattern. A veterinarian’s occupation is considered a good one because they normally make a good trade of money. particularly if they own their ain concern. The mean income of veterinaries in private pattern was $ 87. 500 in 2005. The get downing wage of a veterinary is someplace about $ 46. 000 per twelvemonth today. Harmonizing to payscale. com the income for Veterinarians is $ 46. 323 to $ 105. 738. Although it is a broad scope for a base wage. which is for basic entry degree all the manner up to an experient vet with many old ages of dedication and difficult work. But those who work for the federal authorities ( meat inspectors ) are considered to do less. There are many different topographic points of employment for veterinaries. Some veterinaries work at menagerie. These veterinaries take attention of the ill or injured menagerie animate beings. Their occupation is really hard because the medical jobs can be multiplied greatly to the full zoo’s species. There are besides comrade carnal veterinaries. They take attention of the general public pets. Out of the 56. 000 veterinaries in the United States. half are comrade carnal veterinaries. Food inspector veterinaries work at inspecting meat. They check meat for diseases. so that the people who consume the meat will non acquire ill. Food inspectors check about 100. 000. 000 carnal carcases a twelvemonth. out of that about 1. 000. 000 lbs are condemned. There are besides veterinaries that checkup on featuring animate beings. they help rushing Equus caballuss. greyhounds. ostriches. etc. Marine veterinarians are merely about the same as menagerie veterinaries. but they deal with H2O animate beings like giants and mahimahis. Some veterinaries besides work as professors. learning college pupils about veterinary medical specialty. Other similar places that I could see that would give me the same satisfaction that I would hold as a Veterinarian are ; An animate being Rescue Technician. an Animal Trainer. and perchance a Pharmacy Technicia n since many of the scientific disciplines that are required for survey are the same. Plants Cited Page ?American Medical Veterinary Association?www. talktothevet. com?www. payscale. com?Student Handbook 3 Pages 475 – 479?www. whodouwant2b. com?www. cyebeing. net/veterinarytechnician

Plastic Waste free essay sample

The present study investigates the potential use of waste plastic as a modifier for asphalt concrete and cement concrete pavement. Plastic waste, consisting of carry bags, cups etc can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction. Different ratios of plastic such as Polypropylene (PP), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by weight of asphalt were blended with 80/100 paving grade asphalt. Unmodified and modified asphalt binders were subjected to rheological test. The performance tests including, Marshall Stability, loss of stability tests were conducted using plastic coated aggregates and polymer modified bitumen on HMA mixtures. Work has been done by using plastic coated aggregates in cement concrete pavements. The results showed better values for asphalt concrete. This is an eco-friendly process. Key Words waste polymer, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), plastic coated aggregates, polymer modified bitumen, Marshall Stability, M20 plain cement concrete. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Waste or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the main components of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is asphalt cement binder. Asphalt is used primarily construction of roads and as a major component in roofing materials due to its remarkable binding and waterproofing properties. The behavior of asphalt cement in service is governed by their initial engineering properties as well as by the mechanical and environmental conditions to which they are subjected. The steady increase in high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles, the increase in over loading of trucks and the significant variation in daily and seasonal temperature demand improved road characteristics. Under these situations, it is essential to modify the asphalt cement using modifiers to improve its engineering properties. On the other hand, the environmental problem such as disposal of waste plastic is major concern. To overcome the problems the modifiers (waste plastic) are used. Among various types of modifiers, polymers are probably the most promising. Despite the large number of polymeric products, relatively few are suitable for modification of asphalt cement and are compatible with asphalt cement. Polymers used for asphalt modification can be grouped into three main categories: thermoplastic elastomers, plastomers, and reactive polymers. Thermoplastic elastomers are obviously able to confer good elastic properties on the modified binder; while plastomers and reactive polymers are added to improve rigidity and reduce deformations under load [1]. The following are some of the examples of polymers. ? SBS (radial and linear) – good fatigue resistance, high creep rate, but oxidation susceptibility. There was a substantial increase in Marshall Stability value of the BC mix, in the order of two to three times higher value in comparison with the untreated or ordinary bitumen. Polyethylene which belongs to plastomer gives rigidity to the binder and reduces the deformation under load. The affect of this is more profound when the concentration of polyethylene was kept below 1% by weight of the base bitumen. However the present study investigates about the use of waste plastic as coating over aggregates and as a modifier in bitumen.

Symbolism Used in Poker Flat Essays

Symbolism Used in Poker Flat Essays Symbolism Used in Poker Flat Paper Symbolism Used in Poker Flat Paper Human societies all across the world follow a set of beliefs which influence their attitude and thinking. There are certain values which are honored and followed by the members of these human societies. Among these values, the value of virtue and purity is considered to be most important for the welfare of the society. The significance attached to virtuous behavior and purity in human society is depicted in the short story â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† by Bret Harte. The story follows the journey of four outcasts who are exiled from their community named Poker Flat. Although these four outcasts are expelled from their community for failing to follow the values of virtue and purity, they display their virtuous qualities in the course of their journey when they seek to protect a young couple of lovers. Through the element of symbolism, the author brings forth the mistaken notion of virtue held by the people in the community of Poke Flat. Symbolism People regard that virtuous behavior is the most important factor which influences the welfare of a human society. If the members in a particular society are virtuous, then the peace and harmony in the society is maintained. But if some of the members of the society indulge in immoral behavior, then the peace of the society can be threatened. It is this thinking that induces the people of the town in the story â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†, to banish four individuals, who are thought to be indulging in immoral activities, from Poker Flat. These four individuals are John Oakhurst, The Duchess, Mother Shipton and Uncle Billy. John Oakhurst was a gambler whereas Uncle Bill was a drunkard, who was also doubted of being a robber. Mother Shipton owned a brothel while The Duchess worked as a saloon girl. The people of the town desired to deport immoral persons living amongst them hoping that the town will flourish after the departure of such people. â€Å"A secret committee had determined to rid the town of all improper persons. † (Harte 23). These four people were judged by the society as immoral persons so the people of the town ordered them to leave the town. After being exiled from their town, the four people embark on a journey to reach another camp which was less respectable compared to the Poker Flat. In course of their journey, they decide to halt at a place to take rest, where they are joined by Tom Simson and Piney Woods, young lovers who have eloped from their homes. Owing to a snowstorm and stealing of mules by Uncle Billy, all of them are forced to stay in a cabin discovered by Simson. It is during their stay in the cabin, that the virtuous qualities of the four outcasts are revealed. Although the outcasts behaved in a manner which was unacceptable to their society, they strove hard to protect the lives of the young lovers. Being at the mercy of nature, the outcasts struggled to keep them alive with the aid of the rations available in the cabin. Mother Shipton sacrifices her life to save Piney by leaving her rations for Piney. â€Å"It contained Mother Shiptons rations for the last week, untouched. â€Å"Give em to the child,† she said, pointing to the sleeping Piney. † (Harte 30). By giving her life for the sake of saving Piney, Mother Shipton reveals her virtuous quality. The same virtuous quality of the outcasts is presented in the story when Piney and The Duchess hold each other and sleep peacefully. The snow covers them and the author describes this happening in a manner which represents the purity of The Duchess and Piney. â€Å"Feathery drifts of snow, shaken from the long pine boughs, flew like white-winged birds, and settled about them as they slept. † (Harte 31). The white-winged birds are symbolic of virtue and purity. In their death, Piney and The Duchess looked so peaceful that it was hard to point out who was the sinner and who was innocent. â€Å"And when pitying fingers brushed the snow from their wan faces, you could scarcely have told from the equal peace that dwelt upon them which was she that had sinned. † (Harte 32). The snow washed away all the sins of the outcasts. Through the symbolism in the story, the author brings forth the virtues of the outcasts who were exiled from their community for improper behavior. The snowstorm aids in revealing the virtues of the outcasts and the snow expunges the distinction between the sinner and the innocent. The snow in the story is symbolic of the purity of the outcasts. Conclusion The story â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat† by Bret Harte depicts the journey of the four outcasts who are considered to be improper individuals by the people of the town. But their virtuous qualities are revealed when in course of their journey, they make every effort to save the lives of young lovers. Being held back in their journey by the snowstorm, the outcasts and the lovers stay in a cabin surviving on the rations available there. One of the outcasts, Mother Shipton sacrifices her life to save Piney from death. Her sacrifice brings forth her virtue which was overlooked by the people of the town. Similarly, the virtue of The Duchess is exposed when in death she looks similar to the Piney who was pure and innocent. The snow in the story is a symbol which represents the purity and virtue of the outcasts. Harte, Bret. Selected Stories of Bret Harte. BiblioBazaar LLC. 2006.

Compound Sentence Worksheet for ESL Students

Compound Sentence Worksheet for ESL Students There are three types of sentences in English: simple, compound and complex. This worksheet focuses on writing compound sentences and is ideal for lower-intermediate classes. Teachers can feel free to print out this page to use in class. Compound Sentences- What are They? Compound sentences are made up of two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction. A great way to remember  conjunctions is FANBOYS: F - For: reasonsA - And: addition/next actionN - Nor: not one or the otherB - But: contrasting and unexpected resultsO - Or: choices and conditionsY - Yet: contrasting and unexpected resultsS - So: actions taken   Here are some example compound sentences: Tom arrived home. Then, he ate dinner. - Tom arrived home and ate dinner. We studied many hours for the test. We didnt pass the test. - We studied many hours for the test, but we didnt pass it. Peter doesnt need to buy a new car. He also doesnt need to go on vacation. - Peter doesnt need to buy a new car, nor does he need to go on vacation. Conjunction Use in Compound Sentences Conjunctions are used for different purposes in sentences. A comma is always placed before the conjunction. Here are the main uses of the FANBOYS: Addition/Next Action and And is used as a coordinating conjunction to show that something is in addition to something else. Another use of and is to show that one action follows another.   Addition: Tom enjoys playing tennis, and he likes cooking.Next Action: We drove home, and we went to bed. Opposition- Contrasting or Showing  Unexpected Results but/yet Both but and yet are used to contrast pros and cons or show unexpected results.   Pros and cons of a situation:  We wanted to visit our friends, but we didnt have enough money to get a flight.Unexpected results: Janet did very well on her job interview, yet she didnt get the position. Effect/Cause- So/For Confusing these two coordinating conjunctions is easy. So expresses a result based on a reason. For provides the reason. Consider the following sentences:   I need some money. I went to the bank. The result of needing money is that I went to the bank. In this case, use so. I needed some money, so I went to the bank. The reason I went to the bank is because I needed money. In this case, use for. I went to the bank, for I needed some money. Effect - Mary needed some new clothing, so she went shopping.Cause - They stayed home for the holiday, for they had to work. Choice Between Two or We thought we might go to see a film, or we might have dinner out.Angela said she might buy him a watch, or she might give him a gift certificate. Conditions or You should study a lot for the test, or you wont pass. If you dont study a lot for the test, you wont pass.   Not One nor the Other nor We wont be able to visit our friends, nor will they be able to visit us this summer.Sharon isnt going to the conference, nor is she going to present there. NOTE: Notice how when using nor the sentence structure is inverted. In other words, after nor, place the helping verb before the subject. Compound Sentence Worksheet Use FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences. Peter drove to visit his friend. They went out for dinner. - Show  a sequence of eventsMary thinks she should go to school. She wants to get qualifications for a new profession. -  Provide a reasonAlan invested a lot of money in the business. The business went bankrupt. -  Show an unexpected resultDoug didnt understand the homework assignment. He asked the teacher for help. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonThe students didnt prepare for the test. They didnt realize how important the test was. -  Give a reasonSusan thinks she should stay home and relax. She also thinks she should go on vacation. -  Show additional informationThe doctors looked at the x-rays. They decided to operate on the patient. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonWe went out on the town. We came home late. -  Show a sequence of eventsJack flew to London to visit his Uncle. He also wanted to visit the National Museum. -  Show additionIt is sunny. It is very cold. -  Show a contrastHe nry studied very hard for the test. He passed with high marks. -  Provide a reason I would like to play tennis today. If I dont play tennis, I would like to play golf. -  Give a choiceWe needed some food for the week. We went to the supermarket. -  Show an action taken based on a reasonTom asked his teacher for help. He also asked his parents for help. -  Show additionJanet doesnt like sushi. She doesnt like any kind of fish. -  Show that Susan doesnt like either sushi or fishPeter drove to visit his friend, and they went out for dinner.Mary thinks she should go to school, for she wants to get qualifications for a new profession.Alan invested a lot of money in the business, but the business went bankrupt.Doug didnt understand the homework assignment, so he asked the teacher for help.The students didnt prepare for the test, nor did they realize how important the test was.Susan thinks she should stay home and relax, or she should go on vacation.The doctors looked at the x-rays, so they decided to operate on the patient.We went out on the town, and we came hom e late.Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle, and to visit the National Museum. It is sunny, but it is very cold.Henry studied very hard for the test, so passed with high marks.I would like to play tennis today, or I would like to play golf.We needed some food for the week, so We went to the supermarket.Tom asked his teacher for help, and he asked his parents.Janet doesnt like sushi, nor does she like any kind of fish. Other variations are possible than those provided in the answers.  Ask your teacher  for other ways to connect these to write compound sentences.

Sociology Written Review - 1000 words - Materials Provided (PART 2) Essay

Sociology Written Review - 1000 words - Materials Provided (PART 2) - Essay Example This review however is limited by the fact that the chapter is merely a small part of the author’s entire book and many of the points and issues taken refer to some other parts or chapters of the book. Nevertheless, Pusey is more than emphatic on the debilitating effect of orchestrated economic reforms on the Australian community life. The fundamental premise of the author in this chapter is, as previously stated, that the economic reforms being undertaken by the Australian government is not good because instead of making these reforms suit the needs of the Australians, it is the people who bear the brunt of the effects of these reforms. This is ultimately bad because it tends to weaken the very foundation of society which is community life. To illustrate his point, Pusey utilised the different impressions and experiences of 400 middle class Australians (hence, the title The Experience of Middle Australians) of several aspects of modern Australian life like membership in voluntary organisations, crimes, the Australian social and economic structures, the media and institutions and people they give their trust to. The control group of 400 middle class Australians, according to the data gathered by Pusey, constituted highly mobile individuals, who have moved around most of their lives, due to labour markets which necessitated frequent relocation of homes. Pusey interpreted this as causing the dissolution of â€Å"associational density† which characterises communities. This is certainly true especially if one’s concept of community is that of a communal association of old and long-time friends, neighbors and associates. However, the opportunity of meeting and associating with new neighbors and striking new acquaintances can be viewed from a positive perspective. This allows a person to broaden his perspectives and besides, if individuals are open to association with other individuals

Ethnography and participant obsevation Coursework

Ethnography and participant obsevation - Coursework Example A greater proportion of people coming to the store are the female gender indicating that shopping as a chore is more prone to be undertaken by women, and as a family group activity does not happen as an individual activity. Since the door of the store was not an automatic door, the expectation was that assistance would be provided to women with toddlers and the elderly, to gain access to the store by others ahead of them entering the store, by holding the door open for them. However, this was not the case, as the door was held open only once for other people and twice for women with toddlers. Less awareness of the difficulties of others and less concern for that appears to be the culture of people who entered the store during the period of observation. Lengthening the period of observation could have led to the unobtrusive exercise, losing that quality, as people entering the store could have become aware of the observation, and changed their patter of behavior. Literary References D ewalt, K. M. & Dewalt, B. R. (2002). Participant Observation. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.

Edgar Allen Poes Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allen Poes Essay From the very first line written in the Cask Of Amontillado; The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge. We are thrust into a ride, much like one you might find at the amusement park or the carnival, with the distinct difference that although this ride is in fact on rails, how it will affect us and how we will interpret the events during is completely up to us. Edgar Allan Poe does a remarkable job of employing several psychological techniques in his short story The cask of Amontillado , but I will only focus on one, which even by todays standards is flawless. The technique is the mystery. Who is Fortunato? What has he done to Montresor that has caused so much emotional and psychological damage? Obviously the answers to these questions will elude and intrigue the audience. So we are instantly on the hook. To find the answers to these questions we must avert more of our attention and interest to the piece at hand. Poe, now with our utmost and full attention, begins to plunge us into the mind of his protagonist. Not so by simply introducing us to Montresor but instead by showing us his actions, his thoughts, his mannerisms. He accomplishes this by exposing us to Fortunato and the conversations between them that will ensue. On the surface Montresor seems like a normal man with no ill will. Although quickly we begin to learn otherwise. My dear Fortunato, you are luckily met. How remarkably well you are looking today. So begins the series of dialogues Song 2 and conversations that would appear to be like any other had by two good friends. At first Montresor is nothing but amicable, he compliments his good friends on his looks, dress and even praises his good taste and reputation. And yet some fools will have it that his taste is a match for your own. The audience now fully engaged in the story though the methods of mystery, curiosity and perhaps even endearment or empathy for Fortunato continue to delve deeper into the event unfolding before our very eyes. Just as the protagonist and the antagonist begin to descend upon the catacombs and the halls of the Montresors manor, so does the conversation and the dialogue taking place between them. We will go back; your health is precious. you are rich, respected, admired , beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We are now beginning to be exposed more openly to the sociopathic ways of our protagonist; Montresor. Willingly and cheerfully guiding our poor and still at the moment helpless, Fortunato , as he is still under the spell of Montresor. When we finally arrive to the depths of the catacombs the reader is now aware that some horrible event is bound to ensure, but the conversation and the presentation made by the writer has now fully invaded the reader. Little by little inch by inch as we descended down through the catacombs, we have been made more anxious, more uncomfortable. Now all the built up tension that has been gathering is ripe for the telling. Pass your hand Is the cue that signals the reader. We are here, this is where our journey has been leading you, here is the end. Over the wall; you cannot help feeling the nitre. It is then that Poe unleashes his Single effect all done with a fine attention to detail. The message is clear. you are now here, you will go nowhere, this is where you will rest. Presumably after achieving his single effect the reader will sense a series of emotional responses; ranging from fear to terror to relief. Relief that the built up tension and anxiety has now been released. The rid e has finally come to an end and it is now time to go home and think upon the emotions you have felt here today.

Steven King :: Essays Papers

Steven King "If you have an imagination, let it run free." - Steven King, 1963 The King of Terror Stephen Edwin King is one of today's most popular and best selling writers. King combines the elements of psychological thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal, and detective themes into his stories. In addition to these themes, King sticks to using great and vivid detail that is set in a realistic everyday place. Stephen King who is mainly known for his novels, has broadened his horizons to different types of writings such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, children's books, and short stories. While Stephen King might be best known for his novels The Stand and It, some of his been published are his short stories such as "The Body" and "Quitters Inc". King's works are so powerful because he uses his experience and observations from his everyday life and places them into his unique stories. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, on September 21, 1947, at the Maine General Hospital. Stephen, his mother Nellie, and his adopted brother David were left to fend f or themselves when Stephen's father Donald, a Merchant Marine captain, left one day, to go the store to buy a pack of cigarettes, and never returned. His fathers leaving had a big indirect impact on King's life. In the autobiographical work Danse Macabre, Stephen King recalls how his family life was altered: "After my father took off, my mother, struggled, and then landed on her feet." My brother and I didn't see a great deal of her over the next nine years. She worked a succession of continuous low paying jobs." Stephen's first outlooks on life were influenced by his older brother and what he figured out on his own. While young Stephen and his family moved around the North Eastern and Central United States. When he was seven years old, they moved to Stratford, Connecticut. Here is where King got his first exposure to horror. One evening he listened to the radio adaptation of Ray Bradbury's story "Mars Is Heaven!" That night King recalls he "slept in the doorway, where the real and rational light of the bathroom bulb could shine on my face" (Beaham 16). Stephen King's exposure to oral storytelling on the radio had a large impact on his later writings. King tells his stories in visual terms so that the reader would be able to "see" what was happening in their own mind, somewhat in the same fashion the way it was done on the radio (Beaham 17).

Plan to Improve Organizational Sturcture and Recapture Market Share Essay

Over the past few years, WordPlay Greetings has experienced a sharp decline in market share as well has extremely high turnover of sales staff. The first major challenge discussed was the limited supply of items that are also sold to other national retailers and create competition against Word Plays smaller company owned and franchised stores. The second issue highlighted in our discussion was that operations have been inefficient which also leads to decline of profitability. WordPlay Management was fearful that high turnover of sales staff was a major cause of inefficient operations and stressed the importance of addressing this issue. Technological advances are certainly an issue that every industry must consider when trying to keep with or beat competitors. Online options for the greeting card industry have greatly advanced over the past few years offering ways to send expressions electronically and even customize them with photos and voices without having to leave home. It is critical revive WordPlays website and make stores more appealing to visit with new product lines and customization options that will attract customers and keep them coming back and telling others. Hiring and retaining talented and caring staff is goes hand in hand with keeping up with technology. Knowledgeable and caring sales people are just as important as the product. Developing an organizational culture that inspires and motivates will help spark new creative designs and product offerings for WordPlay Greetings. Bryce & Dancetty has performed industry research, employee and market surveys, leading to job redesign, development of new marketing and product design teams, and improved organizational reward programs that aim at reducing turnover for WordPlay Greetings and getting them back on a path to profits. Introduction Bryce & Dancetty Consulting has been working with WordPlay Greetings over the past several months to analyze their business, develop plans to reduce sales staff turnover, revive its product line, improve its organizational culture, and implement new programs that will motivate employees and enrich jobs and career paths. In this report we will review the methods used to collect data and form plans for change. Causes of Business Downturn WordPlay Greetings market share has seen sharp declines over the past few years. Company leaders concluded that causes for this problem stemmed from the limited supply of items that are also sold to other national retailers and create competition against Word Plays smaller company owned and franchised stores. An additional contributor to their decline was believed to be high turnover with in their sales division. WordPlay leaders agreed to work with Bryce & Dancetty Consulting to look deeper in to these issues and how they could be resolved to help them regain market share and do better at hiring and retaining a highly skilled and motivated sales team. Bryce Dancetty Consulting employed the DECIDE Model which is based on statistical science to examine all aspects of the WordPlay business and its environment. The Decide Model allowed us to define the problem(s) and/or opportunities, along with objectives and constraints. Next, the possible decision factors that make up the alternative courses of action (controllable & uncontrollable) are enumerated (given numeric values). Then, relevant information on the alternatives and possible outcomes is collected. The next step is to identify and select the best alternative based on chosen criteria or measures of success. Then a detailed plan to develop and implement the alternative selected is created and put in to effect. Last, the outcome of the decision process itself is evaluated. We addressed issues by performing a market research and analysis that focuses on the following questions: †¢How can Word Play develop products that are exclusive, unique and will help recapture a higher market share? †¢Can store hours be adjusted based on traffic flow and peak sales times in order to reduce labor costs and increase profitability? Are there colleges in the area that may have marketing and/or design students that would be willing to intern and help bring new/fresh product designs to Word Play Greetings? Research was done and information was gathered via surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups that Bryce & Dancetty designed and assembled. Surveys and questionnaires provided a wealth of information quickly in a non-threatening manner. Most were completely anonymous and done at a very minimal cost. They were administered via mail as well as online. Feedback received via surveys concluded that Wordplay Greeting Cards current product line was being described as â€Å"stale† by former customers. This perception must be changed in order for the company to regain and increase its market share going forward. Focus Groups were utilized to explore topics related to operational efficiency, product design, marketing strategies, and common complaints regarding products to gain a more in-depth perspective on the best ways to increase market share and profitability. Focus groups yielded results that supported job redesign for the sales division, developing new product design and marketing teams, and creating an organizational culture that motivates and inspires. Sales Division and Sales Clerk Turnover Interviews of corporate employees as well as store staff were performed to better understand their impressions of the current state of the company, their experiences, and their ideas for improvement. From the information gathered, Bryce & Dancetty provided a revised job description which is attached in the appendix for review. In addition to revising the job description for sales clerks, Bryce &Dancetty made several recommendations that do not involve compensation adjustments that can also increase retention of sales staff for Wordplay Greetings. There is a significant need for WordPlay to increase feelings of participation within the organization. While allowing sales associates greater freedom in creating store displays, it is recommended that contests be incorporated to help motivate employees to put forth their best efforts. Allowing sales associates to take responsibility for deciding on how to put together displays is an example of vertically loading the job. Their autonomy increases and they feel more personal accountability for the outcome of their efforts (Hodgetts & Heger 2008, pg. 306). Involvement in new product selections through the creation of employee focus groups is also highly recommended. The focus groups will be allowed to participate on conference calls and in web training to assist with selection of new products that will be carried in the stores and also learn how these choices impact the company financially. This feeds an employee’s desire to learn and grow in their career, knowledge, and skill (Heathfield 2012). A recent McKinsey Quarterly survey underscores this type of opportunity. Respondents felt that the chance to lead projects or task forces were often more effective at motivating than financial increases (McKinsey Quarterly 2009). Another way to build a connection within an organization and increase the sense of belonging that employees feel is to create a company newsletter. Newsletters helps share what is happening on a higher level by sharing hot company news being discussed by executives, sharing status on company goals, and stock standings. When there are multiple locations, newsletters help to share what is happening elsewhere and are a great way to share creative ideas, contest winners, and announce new contests. Employee Profiles can be included to highlight accomplishments both inside and outside of the company. The newsletter is also a great way to share benefit information, deadlines, health tips, and volunteer opportunities. Lastly, increased communication between employees and local as well as corporate management will be a key to retention of sales staff. Well-designed jobs anticipate the need for communication. Most employees want to know what is expected of them in the job, how they are doing, how they can improve, what latitude they have in changing how they do their tasks, what should be discussed with a supervisor and when the discussion should occur. Employees rarely complain about too much communication with their supervisor. They often want more communication (Hodgetts & Heger 2008, pg. 306). The implementation of a regular newsletter as mentioned above will help with communication, however we are also strongly urging WordPlay Greeting Cards to provide a stronger line of communication via email that will allow employees to contact corporate offices more efficiently for feedback if they have concerns that are not being addressed at a local level and/or ideas that they want to share for improvement. Bryce & Dancetty Consulting is confident that the revision of the sales clerk job description which increases responsibility and sense of participation will not only attract more applicants but also encourage company loyalty and lead to retention of a high quality sales staff that can be promoted in to management positions as the business grows. Job Enrichment Job enrichment is a way to motivate employees by giving them increased responsibility and variety in their jobs. Our plans for job enrichment will focus on allowing employees to have more control in planning their work and deciding how the work should be accomplished. Job enrichment efforts will include adding and clarifying: Skill Variety – the number of different types of skills used to do a job. This is important because using only one skill to do the same task repeatedly can get very boring. When employees get bored productivity decreases over time. Task Identity – A matter of realizing a visible outcome from performing a task. Being able to see the end result of the work they do is an important motivator for employees. This can be accomplished through Job Enlargement. WordPlay will move towards this goal by adding more tasks and responsibilities to existing jobs. To illustrate this concept – a customer service representative will follow a client’s issue from start to finish (phone inquiry through problem resolution). Customer service reps will be given greater access and authority to make account/claim adjustments so that fewer inquiries need to be escalated. They will be able to take pride in knowing they solved a problem themselves and customer satisfaction is also sure to increase. Task Significance – How a job impacts others in the organization. If this is clearly defined, employees will make greater efforts to do their best.

Review ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in assessing learners Essay

The main points I have learnt from this assessment/task are; We can embed minimum core elements can be embedded in our assessment, through multiple resources. We can get learners to access quiz materials online, which will embed ICT. Learners can read through task sheets, which will embed reading English. We can also have learners complete a number of tasks in a given time frame, which will embed mathematics. When assessing my learners, I embedded predominately English and ICT, Mathematics was embedded in some of the tasks that they had to complete. The learners had to read the task sheet, there was a sheet of paper which listed all the tasks that was corresponding to the lesson. This was embedding English into the assessment. I also had a document saved on Learnzone, which gave the learner the option to view the document online, by accessing the document online, I had embedded ICT skills in the learner’s assessment. Embedding Mathematics into the Learners assessment would prove slightly difficult, with computer programming, when the learner was completing the tasks, some of the tasks, would compile of condition loops, which would set conditions based on numbers. There was numeracy involved in my assessment. The learners would have been assessed at the end of the module, based on a report that they would write. The report was to demonstrate their understanding of the computer programming language and would include screen shots as evidence of their work. The minimum core skills are required as the learner must have good English skills to write a report, and have good ICT skills to use a computer. How could I develop my practical skills as a result of this assessment/task; The learners had to learn a computer programming language, so most of the minimum core is embedded when assessing. I could engage the learners in an online quiz, this could enhance the mathematics skills when including minimum core. I could have also written more complex conditional functions, within the programming language, which would embed more mathematics. How could I develop my knowledge and understanding as a result of this assessment/task; I could research other tutors material and observe how they embed minimum core skills within their teaching, considering other assessment methods like short answer tests, quiz and presentations, to embed more of the minimum core skills.

Alices Adventures In Wonderland Discussion Board Coursework

Alices Adventures In Wonderland Discussion Board Coursework Alice's Adventures In Wonderland Discussion Board – Coursework Example Entertaining, but Also Didactic: Adventures for Ages 6 to 12 in Carroll’s (1865) Alices Adventures in Wonderland September 16, Carroll’s (1865) Alices Adventures in Wonderland is an enjoyable book because it is filled with memorable characters, events, and symbolisms. It has silly characters too that seem just plain funny at first, but if analyzed closely, they might represent certain people or cultures. I think this book is written to be entertaining because of its interesting characters and events, although it has its didactic side, especially when it teaches the theme of finding one’s identity despite confusing and challenging experiences, and I believe that this book is most appropriate for those in ages 6 to 12, or in Stage 4, of Erikson’s theory on stages of development because they are also in the stage of finding their real identities. This book is written to be entertaining because of the silly characters and strange events that happened to them, but it remains didactic, if readers think about what it says about identity. It is entertaining because it is about adventure in a bizarre land where characters are unbelievably unpredictable, and yet, many are lovable and funny. For instance, the Mad Hatter seems to be one crazy nut, but he is sweet for wanting to spend time with his friends. In addition, this book has its didactic side because it is teaching young readers about finding their identities. The caterpillar asks questions about the self, like: â€Å"Who are you?† (Carroll, 1865, p. 37). This question seems to be about changing sizes for Alice, but it is also about finding out the right size that makes one happy. Finally, this book is most appropriate for those in ages 6 to 12, or in Stage 4, of Erikson’s theory on stages of development because they can relate to the story of finding the self. These are the ages when children want to know more of who they are through socialization and building social ties (McLeod, 2013). This book shows them that their friends or environment can help them find out who they are, but, in the end, they have to make that important decision on their own too. In other words, this book teaches children to find themselves and to be happy with that self when they do.ReferencesCarroll, L. (1865). Alices adventures in Wonderland. Planet ebook.com. Retrieved from planetebook.com/ebooks/Alices-Adventures-in-Wonderland.pdfMcLeod, S. (2013). Erik Erikson. Simply Psychology.org. Retrieved from simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, builds impressive silk tents that sometimes enclose entire branches. The tents appear in late summer or fall - hence the name fall webworm. Its a common pest of hardwood trees in its native North America. The fall webworm also presents a problem in Asia and Europe, where it was introduced. Description The fall webworm is often confused with eastern tent caterpillars, and sometimes with gypsy moths. Unlike eastern tent caterpillars, the fall webworm feeds within its tent, which encloses foliage at the end of branches. Defoliation by fall webworm caterpillars does not usually cause damage to the tree, since they feed in late summer or fall, just before leaf drop. Control of fall webworm is usually for aesthetic benefit. The hairy caterpillars vary in color and come in two forms: red-headed and black-headed. They tend to be pale yellow or green in color, though some may be darker. Each segment of the caterpillars body has a pair of spots on the back. At maturity, the larvae may reach one inch in length. The adult fall webworm moth is bright white, with a hairy body. Like most moths, the fall webworm is nocturnal and attracted to light. Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Lepidoptera Family - Arctiidae Genus - Hyphantria Species - cunea Diet Fall webworm caterpillars will feed on any one of over 100 tree and shrub species. Preferred host plants include hickory, pecan, walnut, elm, alder, willow, mulberry, oak, sweetgum, and poplar. Life Cycle The number of generations per year depends greatly on latitude. Southern populations may complete four generations in one year, while in the north the fall webworm completes only one life cycle. Like other moths, the fall webworm undergoes complete metamorphosis, with four stages: Egg – The female moth deposits several hundred eggs on the undersides of leaves in spring. She covers the mass of eggs with hairs from her abdomen.Larva – In one to two weeks, the larvae hatch and immediately begin spinning their silken tent. Caterpillars feed for up to two months, molting as many as eleven times.Pupa – Once larvae reach their final instar, they leave the web to pupate in leaf litter or bark crevices. Fall webworm overwinters in the pupal stage.Adult – Adults emerge as early as March in the south, but dont fly until late spring or early summer in northern areas. Special Adaptations and Defenses Fall webworm caterpillars develop and feed within the shelter of their tent. When disturbed, they may convulse to dissuade possible predators. Habitat The fall webworm lives in areas where host trees occur, namely hardwood forests and landscapes. Range The fall webworm lives throughout the U.S., northern Mexico, and southern Canada – its native range. Since its accidental introduction into Yugoslavia in the 1940s, Hyphantria cunea has invaded most of Europe, too. The fall webworm also inhabits parts of China and North Korea, again due to the accidental introduction. Other Common Names: Fall Webworm Moth Sources Garden Insects of North America, by Whitney CranshawFall Webworm, G. Keith Douce, Bugwood.orgSpecies Hyphantria cunea - Fall Webworm Moth, Bugguide.net

Critical Evaluation of a Journal Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Evaluation of a Journal Article - Essay Example e.g., young children at home and many housework hours) and spousal support would demonstrate a stronger correlation with the F 3 W conflict for individuals in the family profile than for individuals in the work profile. For the first hypothesis, the authors have anticipated that four different groups would appear based on high versus low importance attributions to work and family roles. For the second hypothesis, participants belonging to the dual profile were expected to exhibit a high level of W 3 F conflict and F 3 W conflict because of their desire to invest time and energy in both roles. With regard to the third hypothesis on family-related stress and support variables, the researchers said research has linked high levels of F 3 W conflict to the presence of small children in the home (Lewis & Cooper, 1988) and to many hours invested in housework (Voydanoff, 1988). However, spousal support was found to moderate the F 3 W conflict (Matsui, Ohsawa, & Onglatco, 1995). Finally, no explanation was mentioned about why the fourth hypothesis was derived. The paper says in the end that the findings generally supported the main hypotheses of the research. According to Creswell (2003), the research question is the statement being examined in the study in its most general form. The way the paper was organized, it was hard to locate the research question or questions. Yet, when a question was found, the paper was not committal. It starts with the words, â€Å"However, these studies investigating†¦. analysis. Thus, the following question remains unanswered: Are work-related stress and support variables similarly related to the W3F conflict among persons belonging to the work profile and individuals belonging to the family profile? There remains evidence†¦.† If this is the research question, it is not comprehensive enough to cover all that the research had studied. In other words, the paper can still be said to have presented no adequate research question. At best, any

Can the rich buy justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Can the rich buy justice - Essay Example Oscar Pistorius is 27 years old and is a former Olympian. He was accused of shooting his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, with a gun four times through the door to the toilet room in his room in the middle of night. However, Pristorius pleaded not guilty of murder. He explained that he thought at the time that it was an intruder and he acted instantaneously as an attempt of self-defence. The trial was started on March 3 and up till now thirteen hearings have been conducted and the court has heard eighteen witnesses. The proceedings of the trials have been entirely broadcasted by the media and there has been an intense media hype associated with the case (CNN Staff). Although the explanation given by Pristorius is the only possible defense which could save him, according to legal experts he will have a tough time winning the case because of the evidences pointing out towards him. According to South Africa’s law, the most serious punishment which may be given is that of minimum 25 y ears imprisonment. According to neighbors, they heard a woman and man arguing and they also heard the sounds of a woman screaming before the sound of gun shot. This was in contradiction with the Mr. Pristorius statement who said that she was in bed when he heard the noises and went to investigate (Lyall). Oscar Pristorius with his fame and money has the advantage to utilize the best of facilities and amenities. He called four forensic scientists and also hired the help of a US forensic animation firm so that they could recreate the crime scene digitally. This would help in explaining his defense in a more effective and visual manner (Smith). Pristorius has gained the support of millions of fans through his emotional scenes depicted during the court proceedings and the display of disgust and intense emotion when the pictures of the crime scene were displayed. There were news that Team Pristorius had created a twitter account of

Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk Essay

Sale of Goods Act 1979 sections 20A & 20B - Passing of Property & Risk - Essay Example Section 20A is applicable to Contracts of sale where there is a â€Å"specified quantity of unascertained goods.† Section 20B was enacted to supplement the lacuna created by section 20A where there has been deemed consent by the buyer as a co-owner of goods from the bulk and the protection of liquidators from any action in case of insolvency. It means that an act done under Section 20A by one of the co-owners (buyers) binds the other but in case of the seller’s insolvency before passing of property paid for, the buyer is protected. Therefore, the researcher concludes that the legislature never introduced any form of injustice to replace another by enacting Sections 20A and 20B but they cured the mischief in law and strengthened the justice system that could have created endless litigations due to uncertainty of goods, undefined deemed consent and the insolvency of the seller where property had not passed to the buyer. Analysis Sections 20A and 20B Section 20A of the Sal e of Goods Act as amended specifically deals with contracts where the parties traded in â€Å"specified quantity of unascertained goods† in the bulk and gives legal parameters to the effect that property and risk in goods is deemed to have passed upon ascertainment as per the Avory J in Healey v Howlett & Sons (1917). This can either be by identification of goods by the buyer, appropriation by the seller, abatement and or severance of the goods in the bulk by the buyer. In this vein, particular conditions should be fulfilled which includes; that such goods for sale or a sample from the bulk should be clearly identified as forming part of the contract or by any other subsequent contract by parties to that agreement (Burns, 1996, P.268). Secondly, there should be consideration for those goods forming wholly or part of the contract according to Burns, (1996, P.268) and also upheld by the Court in Cohen v Roche (1927). It is an exception to the old rule of thumb that goods pass u pon delivery and payment (Ward (RV) Ltd v Bignall,1967, P.545). In this circumstance, it’s upon ascertainment. Where upon the above conditions are satisfied, property and risk is premafacie passed onto the buyer for those ascertained goods in the bulk as per the Court in Pignataro v Gilroy & Sons (1919) involving the sale of unascertained rice2. The only exception is where there is an agreement to the contrally between the contracting parties (The Sale of Goods Act, 1795, S.20A (2)) or if there are special factors forming part of the essential terms of the contract (Nicole, 1979, P.143). Property further passes in unascertained goods by the buyer’s approval of goods produced by the seller before delivery but the seller should notify the buyer of that production (Wilkins v Bromhead, 1844). This thus means that there has been appropriation of goods hence passing of property and risk (Noblett v Hopkinson, 1905). Furthermore, part payment for the goods being ascertained is in the circumstance treated as consideration and therefore makes the buyer owner of the goods. Property is thus deemed to have passed according to Hendy Lenox Ltd v Grahame Puttick Ltd (1984). However, the terms of the contract must be fulfilled failure of which negatives the passing of property as was the case in Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v Charles Twigg & Co Ltd (1957) involving the sale of bicycles which didn’t pass until they had passed the ship rail. Therefore, sections 20A and 20B were not

Role of Mirror Neuron System (MNS) in Autism

Role of Mirror Neuron System (MNS) in Autism Mirror neuron system (MNS) plays an important role in the specific behavioral features of people with autism. In this paper the central aspects, such as neuropathology, etiology and prevalence, of autism and related disorders will be discussed. In addition the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theory and Theory of Mind (ToM), two theories linking the autistic brain with the specific behavior of the disease, will be discussed. The next two chapters are dedicated to the MNS and the consequences of its dysfunction in autism. Important are the two main functions facilitated by the MNS: imitation and action understanding. Several studies show that dysfunction of the MNS in autism, might be a reason why these abilities are underdeveloped in autistic individuals. Autism was first described in 1943 by the Austrian-American psychiatrist Leo Kanner. He noted 11 cases in which kids werent able to relate in usual ways to people and showed unusual responses to the environment including stereotyped motor mannerisms, resistance to change and reduced communicative skills. The condition of these kids was termed Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nowadays stricter definitions of the disorder have been proposed and clinical indications have been set up for diagnosis.1 Autism is defined by several clinical manifestations, including qualitative impairment in social interaction, qualitative impairment in verbal and non-verbal communication and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities.2 These characteristics of the neurological disorder begin before the age of three, although it is not always recognized at this age. Autism, along with Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS, belongs to the family of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). This family includes a broad range of disorders associated with underdevelopment of social and communicative skills particularly. These deficiencies may be caused by mental retardation (Retts syndrome) but thats not always the case. Cases of Autism and PDD-NOS are not always linked with mental retardation and Asperger syndrome is even associated with normal level of intelligence. This shows that the members of the PDD family are very heterogeneous in their behavioral manifestations, degree of affectedness and etiology. This heterogeneity has lead to the term Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). ASD refers to the fact that several neural developmental disorders (Autsim, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS) are linked to each other in various ways, which makes it difficult to develop clear-cut diagnostic boundaries. This linkage is highlighted in family members of patients whom mostly do not meet the criteria for a clinical diagnosis but do show (in lesser extent) some of the manifestations present in the patient.1 Figure 1: Specific behavior observed in persons with autism due to social and communicative impairment and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. 1: Difficulty in mingling with others. 2: Inappropriate laughing or giggling. 3: Little or no eye contact. 4: Apparent insensitivity to pain. 5: Prefers to be alone; aloof manner 6: Spins objects. 7: Inappropriate attachment to objects. 8: Noticeable physical overactivity or extreme underactivity. 9: Unresponsive to normal teaching methods. 10: Insistence on sameness; resists changes in routine. 11: No real fear of dangers. 12: Sustained odd play. 13: Echolia (repeating words or phrases in place of normal language). 14: May not want cuddling or act cuddly. 15: Not responsive to verbal cues; acts as deaf. 16: Difficulty in expressing needs; uses gestures or pointing instead of words. 17: Tantrums displays extreme distress for no apparent reason. 18: Uneven gross/fine motor skill (may not want t o kick ball but stack blocks). 3 There are, as mentioned above, four main characteristics of autistic disorders (including the age of onset). First there is qualitative impairment of social interaction. Young children learn their communicative and social cognitive skills by interaction with caregivers. Autistic kids often pay little attention to the smiling face or highly intonated voice of their caregiver and have more interest in the inanimate environment. This will cause a delay in the development of social interaction and also impedes the kid to get attached to a person. The social skills of patients could get better during time but even then the complexity of social interaction (e.g. showing emotions, empathy) will make it hard for the autistic person to have a normal, animated conversation. 1 Another manifestation of autism is qualitative impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication and play. Around 20-30% of patients with autism never speak. There is also no attempt to engage in communication or to compensate the inability to speak by nonverbal communication. These individuals for example do not make eye contact. When autistic persons do speak, their language has often typical features. They often speak with a monotonic voice and might say things not meant for communication (i.e. non-reciprocal communication). They can show echolalia as well, which makes them repeat what is said to them or what they hear in their environment (e.g. from the radio). Next to that the social uses of language, such as humor and irony, is difficult to understand for patients with autism. Another feature typically seen in individuals with autism is pronoun reversal.1 A third characteristic is a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. This is expressed by several stereotyped movements, including toe walking, finger flicking and body rocking. Another way in which this characteristic emerges is the interest of the individual in repetitive activities such as collecting certain objects or repeating certain words or numbers. This urge for steadiness and sameness makes it hard for autistic persons to tolerate change and variation in their daily routine and to deal with stress. 1 At last the age of onset is always before three years.1 In 2006 the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder was estimated around 1 percent worldwide4, with two to four times more affected males than females5. An increase in the prevalence of autism and related conditions has been observed worldwide. The adoption of broader definitions of autism and greater awareness among clinicians and parents are most likely the main reasons for this growth. 1 The etiology of autism is not always known. In most cases individuals develop autism without an identifiable cause and are diagnosed with idiopathic or non-syndromic autism. About 70% of these patients dont show any physical abnormalities and are said to have essential autism. The other 30% of the patients can suffer from dysmorphic features such as microcephaly (i.e. an abnormally small circumference of the head) and structural brain malformation.5 Autism is associated with a range of other disorders and impairments. In 5-10% of cases, Individuals with Autism are also diagnosed with disorders such as Rett syndrome, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsy is suffered by 33% of the patients and 44,6% of children diagnosed with autism were reported to have intellectual impairment, defined by an intelligence quotient (IQ) score less than 70.5 The phenotypic heterogeneity in autism patients is a major challenge in research. Individuals with autism seem to have a unique combination of symptoms and show very divergent behavior. This makes it hard for researchers to find a common cause or treatment for the syndrome. A lot of research is done to clear up the genetic background of autism. The different features of autism suggest that a set of different genes is involved with the disease.2 Alterations in gene sequence could have an impact on the function of several parts of the brain. With use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) major types of pathology have been detected which, most possibly, contribute to the behavioural features of Autism patients. The abnormal brain patterns found include an abnormal acceleration of brain growth in early childhood, minicolumn (local network that contains elements for redundancy and plasticity) pathology, curtailed neuronal development and brain structure-specific delays of neuronal growth. 2 How these brain pathologies lead to the changes in the behavior described in autistic individuals is still not known. A (new) theory is proposed by Baron-Cohen to explain the connection between the autistic brain and the correspondent behavior of an autistic individual. This theory is called the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. It is based on the E-S model, which states that the social and cognitive skills of a person are based on an Empathizing Quotient (EQ) and a Systemizing Quotient (SQ). People with autism are said to have an extreme Systemizing brain and thus show little empathy. 6 The E-S theory is closely related to another theory namely the theory of mind (ToM). This theory is an innate mechanism by which a person can interpret and attribute mental states to oneself and others and to understand that another person could have other intentions, desires and beliefs. It makes it possible for people to see the world through another persons eyes. It has been hypothized that a theory of mind deficit, so-called mind-blindness, is one of the main causes of the impairments in social interaction. It has been proposed that children with autism fail to employ a theory of mind, which makes it difficult for them to see things from another persons perspective.7 The Mirror Neuron System Mirror neurons were first discovered in a specific region of the premotor cortex of monkeys, the F5 area. These special type of neurons appeared to discharge when monkeys did a particular action as well as when they just observed another individual doing the same action. It didnt matter if the other individual was a human or a monkey or if the subject was rewarded afterwards: responses were equally. 8 Figure 2: A piece of food is grasped by the experimenter (upper panel left), the tray is moved to the monkey and the monkey grasps the food (upper panel right). Activation of neurons in F5 area both during observation of the experimenters grasping movements, and while the same action is performed by the monkey (Lower panels). 9 After the discovery of these visuomotor neurons in monkeys, research was done to find evidence for existence of the same neurons in human. By the use of neuropsychological and brain-imaging experiments some results were found that could indicate the existence of a Mirror Neuron System (MNS) in human.8 First evidence for the MNS in humans was found using electroencephalography (EEG). With this technique was demonstrated that the mu rhythm, which is present during motor rest and disappears during motor activation and somatosensory stimulation9, disappeared during both execution and observation of hand actions10 This shows that not only by executing a task, but also by observing of someone else doing a task, motor neurons are stimulated. Although motor neurons of the observer are stimulated, no movement is made. The mechanism that prevents this unnecessary movement is still unknown. One of the possibilities might be the existence of regulatory mirror neurons or super mirror neurons.11 After this first evidence for the existence of a MNS in humans, more clues were found using other techniques such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and functional Magnetic Insoncance Imaging (fMRI). These studies showed that during action observation, cortical areas of the brain involved in motor control were activated.9 Activation was particularly observed in posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), also known as pars opercularis, and adjacent ventral premotor cortex (PMC). In addition mirror neurons were found in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. Activation was also found in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is believed to be the region responsible for visual input to the MNS (figure 3).11 Figure 3: Schematic overview of the neural circuitry for imitation. Visual input enters via the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). Visual information is passed on to the rostral inferior parietal lobule(IPL) (orange arrow). The red arrow represents the information flow from the parieral lobule to the ventral MNS, i.e the ventral premotor cortex (PMC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), concerned with the goal of action. Efference copies of moter imitative commands that are sent back to the STS are represented by black arrows. This allows matching between the senory predictions of imitative motor plans and the visual description of the observed action.11 Based on these findings, two hypotheses have been proposed that give the possible function of mirror neurons. The first hypothesis states that mirror-neuron activity mediates imitation 12 Humans are one of the few species that can learn by imitation. Studies show that 12-month-old infants can imitate facial and hand gestures and by this mechanism learn these movements themselves.13 Next to that the infants were also able to predict the action of goals by other people. This introduces the second hypothesis that says that mirror neurons are the basis of action understanding.9 For people to interact with each other, they must be able to understand the actions of another person. So action understanding plays a key role in the organization of social behavior of humans. An interesting experiment has been done by Umilta et al, showing that mirror neurons became activated even when visual stimuli were hidden.14 So different studies show that most likely both hypotheses are true, although there is still some discussion by which mechanism the mirror neurons execute these functions.9 Autism and the Mirror Neuron System Recently it has been proposed that dysfunction of the mirror neuron system could have an influence on the development of autism.15 Defects of these neurons early in development are believed to interfere with the development of normal social actions such as imitation, theory of mind and language. 11 Several studies are done to test this hypothesis. Testing the IQ of children with autism shows a negative relationship between the activity of the mirror neurons and the scores of the children on the social subscales. This means that a higher activity in de mirror neuron system is accompanied with a high score on the social domain. This gives one of the first indications of a link between the dysfunction of the MNS and the development autism.11 One of the functions that is thought to be impaired by the dysfunction of the MNS is imitation. Imitation is one of the most important mechanism by which young children learn their social and communicative skills. Different experiments demonstrated that children with autism have difficulties performing imitation.17 Studies using fMRI supported the hypothesis by showing a reduced MNS activity in children with autism during imitation and observation of facial emotional expression. These results all suggest that mirror neurons play indeed an important role in imitation and early dysfunction of MNS may be at the core of the social limitations observed in children with autism. 16 Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that the part of the monkey brain which contains mirror neurons dealing with hand actions, has evolved to subserve speech in humans. 17 This would suggest that hand gestures and mouth gestures are linked in humans. A defect in this specific part of the MNS could result in an inability to speak, like some of the persons with autism do. However, to date no research is done to prove this possibility. Another possible effect of mirror neuron dysfunction could be underdevelopment of ToM. It has been demonstrated that children with autism have difficulties perceiving the world from another persons eyes, suggesting that they have a reduced ToM. However, a study showing a correlation between the dysfunction of the MNS and ToM has still to be done.15 Conclusion Although the discovery of mirror neuron system is just recently done, already a lot of research is dedicated to this interesting part of the brain. The specific neurons first found in monkeys, are most probably also an important part of the human brain forming a basis for functions such as imitation and action understanding. In autistic persons, who show to have difficulties with these abilities, reduced activity of mirror neurons has been found. This would suggest that the MNS is a key factor that influences the degree of social and communicative impairments in these individuals. Still a lot of research has to be done to find strong evidence for the dysfunction of the MNS and its relationship with reduced speech, social interaction skills and theory of mind. Referenties 1 Kiln A (2006): Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview. Rev. Brasil de Psychil. 28: S3-S11 2 Wegiel J, Kuchna I, Nowicki K et al. (2010): The neuropathology of autism: defects of neurogenesis and neuronal migration, and dysplastic changes. Acta Neuropathol. 119: 755-770 3 Chen, E (2004): Checklist autism. Available on: http://www.elainechen.com/illustration_template.php?page=autism (Geraadpleegd op 4 juli 2010) 4 Baird G, Simonoff E, Pickles A et al. (2006): Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Lancet 368: 210-215 5 Pennington BF, Ozonoff S (1996): Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology. J. Child. Psychil. Psychiat. 37: 51-87 6 Baron-Cohen S (2009): Autism: The Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory. Ann. of NY Aca. of sci. 1156: 68-80 7 Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U (1985): Does the autistic child have a theory of mind? Cognition 21: 37-46 8 Rizzolatti G, Craighero L (2004): The mirror-neuron system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27: 169-192 9 Rizzolatti G, Fogassi F, Gallese V (2001): Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Rev. Neurosciences 2: 661-670 10 Hari, R et al. (1998): Activation of human primary motor cortex during action observation: a neuromagnetic study. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 95: 15061-15065 11 Iacoboni M, Dapretto M (2006): The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7: 942-951 12 Jeannerod M (1994): The representing brain. Neural correlates of motor intention and im- agery. Behav. Brain Sci 17: 187-245 13 Meltzoff AN, Prinz W (2002) The Imitative Mind. Development, Evolution and Brain Bases. Cambridge Univ. Press 14 Umilta MA, Kohler E, Gallese V, Fogassi L, Fadiga L, et al. (2001): I know what you are doing: a neurophysiological study. Neuron 32: 91-101 15 Williams JH, Whiten A, Suddendorf T, Perret DI (2001): Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 25: 287-295 16 Dapretto M, Davies MS, Pfeifer JH et al. (2005): Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature Neuroscience 9: 28-30 17 Rizzolatti G, Fadiga L, Matelli M, Bettinardi V, Paulesu E, Perani D, Fazio F (1996): Localisation of grasp representations in humans by PETà 1: observation vs execution. Exp. Brain Res. 111: 246- 252.

Perspective Journal- The Punisher :: essays research papers

Perspective Journal- The Punisher This story is based on a movie called The Punisher which was about an FBI undercover agent, Frank Castle. Frank has all his family murdered while away on a vacation and through out the movie seeks revenge. This operation was ordered by the main villain in the movie, Howard Saint. Howard Saint has every reason to be justified for calling the operation to murder Frank Castle’s family. Howard wouldn’t have been involved in the killing of Frank Castle’s family if Frank had just stayed within his limits and not go around flashing his FBI badge at every person in the society. Howard Saint was a good person who was just involved in making his life through dirty ways. Like everyone else, Howard wanted to be rich. He didn’t care how he made his money and went to all different extremes to make sure he was rich. Howard Saint’s life was always under scrutiny even when he wasn’t doing anything illegal. Someone’s life being under scrutiny for something he is not even doing is very anger provoking and because of that Howard felt that he might as well do the evil things he was being scrutinized for. Howard Saint illegal businesses never had to do with any crime against the society. He had an addiction and had to feed it. He was addicted to cocaine and he couldn’t do anything about it. If the FBI had just allowed him to do his own cocaine, no damage would have occurred and every family would have lived. Howard Saint turned â€Å"wasteful† towards the end of the movie. He began wasting people’s lives and killing anyone randomly. He went to these extremes because he had lost everything he had because of the revenge plot by Frank Castle. Howard lost his house, all his money was blown up and most importantly his family was burnt right in his face. These actions were a result of a quick conclusion by Frank Castle that Howard was the main person involved in the cocaine ring. Any human being who is picked up and used as an example for any crime has the authority to go to any measures to revenge. Perspective Journal- The Punisher :: essays research papers Perspective Journal- The Punisher This story is based on a movie called The Punisher which was about an FBI undercover agent, Frank Castle. Frank has all his family murdered while away on a vacation and through out the movie seeks revenge. This operation was ordered by the main villain in the movie, Howard Saint. Howard Saint has every reason to be justified for calling the operation to murder Frank Castle’s family. Howard wouldn’t have been involved in the killing of Frank Castle’s family if Frank had just stayed within his limits and not go around flashing his FBI badge at every person in the society. Howard Saint was a good person who was just involved in making his life through dirty ways. Like everyone else, Howard wanted to be rich. He didn’t care how he made his money and went to all different extremes to make sure he was rich. Howard Saint’s life was always under scrutiny even when he wasn’t doing anything illegal. Someone’s life being under scrutiny for something he is not even doing is very anger provoking and because of that Howard felt that he might as well do the evil things he was being scrutinized for. Howard Saint illegal businesses never had to do with any crime against the society. He had an addiction and had to feed it. He was addicted to cocaine and he couldn’t do anything about it. If the FBI had just allowed him to do his own cocaine, no damage would have occurred and every family would have lived. Howard Saint turned â€Å"wasteful† towards the end of the movie. He began wasting people’s lives and killing anyone randomly. He went to these extremes because he had lost everything he had because of the revenge plot by Frank Castle. Howard lost his house, all his money was blown up and most importantly his family was burnt right in his face. These actions were a result of a quick conclusion by Frank Castle that Howard was the main person involved in the cocaine ring. Any human being who is picked up and used as an example for any crime has the authority to go to any measures to revenge.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Skin Extract Essay

Nowadays, people have using different herbal soap that are expensive and less effective. Our aims is to make an effective and cheaper herbal soap. Like pineapple skin , pineapple fruit has some active principles with important . Pineapple Skin has a benefits in making herbal soap because it has that properties that can make the skin look good and protects the skin. Statement of the Problem Main Problem: Does the pineapple skin soap more effective than the other commercial soap? Specific problem: Is the soap effective on skin? Will the soap has side effects like irrattion and others? Objectives This study mainly aimed to determine how useful pineapple skins are. The ideal outcome of this study can be achieved by obtaining the following specific objectives: Compare the pineapple skin to other ingredients used in other commercial soap Test the effectiveness of pineapple as a skin cleanser and moisturizer Hypothesis If pineapple skin is used as an ingredient in a soap, then there would be an effective cleanser as well as moisturizer in one soap Significance of The Study You can make a bathing soap with pineapple skin extract as a moisturizing soap. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for moisturizing the skin. This study aims to produce an affordable herbal soap by making use of the natural properties of pineapple skin. And it also improves skin elastic, improve skin hydration, and remove damaged and dead cells and does not mix with chemicals that may damage our skin. It also have antifungal and purifying effect on the skin. Definition of Terms Bromelain – is an extract derived from the stems of pineapples. Manganese – a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Chapter II: Review of Related Literature The high vitamin C and bromelain content of pineapple juice make it an effective acne treatment. Bromelain is an enzyme that softens skin and has been used for hundreds of years in South and Central America to fight inflammation and swelling. Raw pineapple is an excellent source of manganese and vitamin C . Applying vitamin C to the skin may have a beneficial effect because of its antioxidant properties. Correctly formulated vitamin C creams may protect against the aging effect of sunlight and reduce winkles, mainly from its stem, pineapple contains a proteilytic enzyme, bromelain, which breaks down protein. If having sufficientr bromelain content, raw pineapple juice may be used as a meat marinade and tenderizer. Pineapple enzymes can interfere with the preparation of some food, such as jellyland other gelatin-based dessert, but would be destroyed during cooking and canning. The quality of bromelain in the fruit probably not significant, being mostly in the inedible stack. Furthermore, an ingested enzyme like bromelain unlikely to survive intact the proteolytic process of digestion. Pineapple is crammed with vitamins but most of all a very skin friendly enzyme called Bromeliad. With these it fights the damaged done to your skin by free radicals, lifts dirt and dead skin cell. It hydrates and is also know to reduce age spots and fine lines and leaves the  skin supple and leaves you with a the softest skin pineapple or a pineapple facial mask can also be a powerful ally in your quest against acne. The high vitamins C and bromelain content of pineapple juice make it an effective acne treatment. Bromelain is an enzyme that soften skin and has been used for hundreds of year in South and Central America to fight inflammation and swelling.